Related papers: Driving Viscous Hydrodynamics in Bulk Electron Flo…
Electron vortices are the quintessential signature of a viscous electron fluid. For decades, their detection relied on indirect transport measurements with persistently debated interpretations. Recently, scanning magnetometry enabled direct…
Viscous electron flow exhibits exotic signatures such as superballistic conduction. In order to observe hydrodynamics effects, a 2D device where the current flow is as inhomogeneous as possible is desirable. To this end, we build three…
Vortices are the hallmarks of hydrodynamic flow. Recent studies indicate that strongly-interacting electrons in ultrapure conductors can display signatures of hydrodynamic behavior including negative nonlocal resistance, Poiseuille flow in…
The pursuit for clearly identifiable signatures of viscous electron flow in the solid state systems has been a paramount task in the search of the hydrodynamic electron transport behavior. In this work, we investigate theoretically the…
In metallic samples of small enough size and sufficiently strong momentum-conserving scattering, the viscosity of the electron gas can become the dominant process governing transport. In this regime, momentum is a long-lived quantity whose…
Fluid dynamics is one of the cornerstones of modern physics and has recently found applications in the transport of electrons in solids. In most solids electron transport is dominated by extrinsic factors, such as sample geometry and…
The present work comprehensively reviews electron hydrodynamics in graphene, highlighting both experimental observations and theoretical developments. Key experimental signatures such as negative vicinity resistance, Poiseuille flow, and…
Generic interacting many-body quantum systems are believed to behave as classical fluids on long time and length scales. Due to rapid progress in growing exceptionally pure crystals, we are now able to experimentally observe this collective…
Electron-electron interactions in high-mobility conductors can give rise to transport signatures resembling those described by classical hydrodynamics. Using a nanoscale scanning magnetometer, we imaged a distinctive hydrodynamic transport…
In conductors with a very small density of defects, electrons at low temperatures collide predominantly with the edges of a sample. Therefore, the ballistic regime of charge and heat transport is realized. The application of a perpendicular…
Graphene hosts an ultra-clean electronic system with electron-electron collisions being the dominant source of scattering above liquid nitrogen temperatures. In this regime, the motion of the electron fluid resembles the flow of classical…
The electron-hole plasma in charge-neutral graphene is predicted to realize a quantum critical system whose transport features a universal hydrodynamic description, even at room temperature. This quantum critical "Dirac fluid" is expected…
We study the hydrodynamic flow of electrons through a smooth potential energy landscape in two dimensions, for which the electrical current is concentrated along thin channels that follow percolating equipotential contours. The width of…
Electron transport is conventionally determined by the momentum-relaxing scattering of electrons by the host solid and its excitations. The electrical resistance is set by geometrical factors and the resistivity, which is a microscopic…
We measure transport through a Ga[Al]As heterostructure at temperatures between 0.1 K and 30 K. Increasing the temperature enhances the electron-electron scattering rate and viscous effects in the two-dimensional electron gas arise. To…
The last few years have seen an explosion of interest in hydrodynamic effects in interacting electron systems in ultra-pure materials. One such material, graphene, is not only an excellent platform for the experimental realization of the…
Viscous electronics is an emerging field dealing with systems in which strongly interacting electrons behave as a fluid. Electron viscous flows are governed by a nonlocal current-field relation which renders the spatial patterns of current…
Hydrodynamic flow occurs in an electron liquid when the mean free path for electron-electron collisions is the shortest length scale in the problem. In this regime, transport is described by the Navier-Stokes equation, which contains two…
The magnetic focusing of electrons has proven its utility in fundamental studies of electron transport. Here we report the direct imaging of magnetic focusing of electron waves, specifically in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We see…
In ultra-pure conductors, collective motion of charge carriers at relatively high temperatures may become hydrodynamic such that electronic transport may be described similarly to a viscous flow. In confined geometries (e.g., in ultra-high…