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Viscous flow of interacting electrons in two dimensional materials features a bunch of exotic effects. A model resembling the Navier-Stokes equation for classical fluids accounts for them in the so called hydrodynamic regime. We performed a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Jorge Estrada-Álvarez , Francisco Domínguez-Adame , Elena Díaz

Graphene has generated a lot of research interest due to its special properties, which include a hydrodynamic regime. It is not yet clear however which boundary condition such a hydrodynamic current flow satisfies. The aim of this paper is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-09-24 Glenn Wagner

Hydrodynamic electrons in high-mobility graphene devices have demonstrated great potential in establishing an electronic analogue of relativistic quantum fluid in solid-state systems. One of the key requirements for observing viscous…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Richa P. Madhogaria , Aniket Majumdar , Nishant Dahma , Pritam Pal , Rishabh Hangal , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Arindam Ghosh

Vortices in electron fluids are a key indicator of electron hydrodynamics. However, a comprehensive framework linking macroscopic vorticity measurements with microscopic interactions and scattering mechanisms has been lacking. We employ…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-09-27 Khachatur G. Nazaryan , Leonid Levitov

Materials subjected to a magnetic field exhibit the Hall effect, a phenomenon studied and understood in fine detail. Here we report a qualitative breach of this classical behavior in electron systems with high viscosity. The viscous fluid…

Motivated by experiments on a hydrodynamic regime in electron transport, we study the effect of an oscillating electric field in such a setting. We consider a long two-dimensional channel of width $L$, whose geometrical simplicity allows an…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-05-02 Roderich Moessner , Piotr Surówka , Piotr Witkowski

In sufficiently clean materials where electron-electron interactions are strong compared to momentum-relaxing scattering processes, electron transport resembles the flow of a viscous fluid. We study hydrodynamic electron transport across…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Ramal Afrose , Aydin Cem Keser , Oleg Sushkov , Shaffique Adam

We present a hydrodynamic theory for electron-hole magnetotransport in graphene incorporating carrier-population imbalance, energy, and momentum relaxation processes. We focus on the electric response and find that the carrier and energy…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-01-30 Hong-Yi Xie , Alex Levchenko

Continuum simulation is employed to study ion transport and fluid flow through a nanopore in a solid-state membrane under an applied potential drop. Results show the existence of concentration polarization layers on the surfaces of the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-16 Mao Mao , Sandip Ghosal , Guohui Hu

Viscous fluid in an ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells is systematically studied through measurements of negative magnetoresistance (NMR) and photoresistance under microwave radiation, and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 Xinghao Wang , Peizhe Jia , Rui-Rui Du , L. N. Pfeiffer , K. W. Baldwin , K. W. West

Motivated by recent experimental progress in preparing encapsulated graphene sheets with ultra-high mobilities up to room temperature, we present a theoretical study of dc transport in doped graphene in the hydrodynamic regime. By using the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-11-10 Iacopo Torre , Andrea Tomadin , Andre K. Geim , Marco Polini

Recent experiments have revealed that novel nonequilibrium states consistent with the hydrodynamic description of electrons are realized in ultrapure graphene, which hosts the valley degrees of freedom. Here, we formulate a theory of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-05-05 Ryotaro Sano , Daigo Oue , Mamoru Matsuo

Modern two dimensional conductors with low defect densities and strong electron-electron scattering are favorable platforms for formation of a viscous fluid of conduction electrons. Electric properties of these systems are determined by the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 A. N. Afanasiev , P. S. Alekseev

Electron transport in two-dimensional conducting materials such as graphene, with dominant electron-electron interaction, exhibits unusual vortex flow that leads to a nonlocal current-field relation (negative resistance), distinct from the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-02-22 Jonathan Mayzel , Victor Steinberg , Atul Varshney

In high-quality conductors, the hydrodynamic regime of electron transport has been recently realized. In this work we theoretically investigate magnetotransport of a viscous electron fluid in samples with electron-impermeable obstacles. We…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-08-01 P. S. Alekseev , A. P. Dmitriev

In ultra-clean 2d materials electron viscosity is as important as Ohmic dissipation and electron transport exhibits hydrodynamic features. Using a simple framework of Brinkman equations we find that hydrodynamic electron flows exhibit a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Jarosław Pawłowski , Piotr Surówka , Konstantin Zarembo

Ultra-pure conductors may exhibit hydrodynamic transport where the collective motion of charge carriers resembles the flow of a viscous fluid. In a confined geometry (e.g., in ultra-high quality nanostructures) the electronic fluid assumes…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-02-14 P. S. Alekseev , A. P. Dmitriev , I. V. Gornyi , V. Yu. Kachorovskii , B. N. Narozhny , M. Titov

The last few years have seen an explosion of interest in hydrodynamic effects in interacting electron systems in ultra-pure materials. In this paper we briefly review the recent advances, both theoretical and experimental, in the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 B. N. Narozhny , I. V. Gornyi , A. D. Mirlin , J. Schmalian

Hydrodynamic electron transport arises when carrier kinetics are dominated by interelectron collisions rather than the relaxation of momentum out of the electron system. In recent years, signatures of electron hydrodynamics have been…

Theoretical and experimental studies have revealed that electrons in condensed matter can behave hydrodynamically, exhibiting fluid phenomena such as Stokes flow and vortices. Unlike classical fluids, preferred directions inside crystals…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-02-24 Georgios Varnavides , Adam S. Jermyn , Polina Anikeeva , Claudia Felser , Prineha Narang