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Recent research efforts indicate that federated learning (FL) systems are vulnerable to a variety of security breaches. While numerous defense strategies have been suggested, they are mainly designed to counter specific attack patterns and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Henger Li , Tianyi Xu , Tao Li , Yunian Pan , Quanyan Zhu , Zizhan Zheng

This paper is concerned with a linear-quadratic partially observed Stackelberg stochastic differential game with correlated state and observation noises, where the diffusion coefficient does not contain the control variable and the control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-25 Yueyang Zheng , Jingtao Shi

This work studies non-cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) where multiple agents interact in the same environment and whose goal is to maximize the individual returns. Challenges arise when scaling up the number of agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Talal Algumaei , Ruben Solozabal , Reda Alami , Hakim Hacid , Merouane Debbah , Martin Takac

This paper studies a stochastic mean-field linear-quadratic Stackelberg differential game with random coefficients. The interaction between mean-field terms and random coefficients precludes the direct use of conventional decoupling…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Ying Yang , Jie Xiong , Zhouyu Wang

This paper considers the problem of how to allocate power among competing users sharing a frequency-selective interference channel. We model the interaction between selfish users as a non-cooperative game. As opposed to the existing…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2008-12-16 Yi Su , Mihaela van der Schaar

Stackelberg equilibrium is a solution concept that describes optimal strategies to commit: Player 1 (the leader) first commits to a strategy that is publicly announced, then Player 2 (the follower) plays a best response to the leader's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Aditya Aradhye , Branislav Bošanský , Michael Hlaváček

In this paper, we first address a linear quadratic mean-field game problem with a leader-follower structure. By adopting a Riccati-type approach, we show how one can obtain a state-feedback representation of the pairs of strategies which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-21 Samir Aberkane , Vasile Dragan

Game-theoretic inverse learning is the problem of inferring a player's objectives from their actions. We formulate an inverse learning problem in a Stackelberg game between a leader and a follower, where each player's action is the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-15 William Ward , Yue Yu , Jacob Levy , Negar Mehr , David Fridovich-Keil , Ufuk Topcu

Resource competition problems are often modeled using Colonel Blotto games, where players take simultaneous actions. However, many real-world scenarios involve sequential decision-making rather than simultaneous moves. To model these…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yan Liu , Bonan Ni , Weiran Shen , Zihe Wang , Jie Zhang

In a Stackelberg congestion game (SCG), a leader aims to maximize their own gain by anticipating and manipulating the equilibrium state at which the followers settle by playing a congestion game. Often formulated as bilevel programs,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Jiayang Li , Jing Yu , Qianni Wang , Boyi Liu , Zhaoran Wang , Yu Marco Nie

We study a two-player Stackelberg game with incomplete information such that the follower's strategy belongs to a known family of parameterized functions with an unknown parameter vector. We design an adaptive learning approach to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Guosong Yang , Radha Poovendran , João P. Hespanha

This paper considers two investors who perform mean-variance portfolio selection with asymmetric information: one knows the true stock dynamics, while the other has to infer the true dynamics from observed stock evolution. Their portfolio…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-05 Yu-Jui Huang , Shihao Zhu

The field of cybersecurity has mostly been a cat-and-mouse game with the discovery of new attacks leading the way. To take away an attacker's advantage of reconnaissance, researchers have proposed proactive defense methods such as Moving…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Sailik Sengupta , Subbarao Kambhampati

We consider stochastic differential games with a large number of players, with the aim of quantifying the gap between closed-loop, open-loop and distributed equilibria. We show that, under two different semi-monotonicity conditions, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Marco Cirant , Joe Jackson , Davide Francesco Redaelli

Learning problems commonly exhibit an interesting feedback mechanism wherein the population data reacts to competing decision makers' actions. This paper formulates a new game theoretic framework for this phenomenon, called "multi-player…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Adhyyan Narang , Evan Faulkner , Dmitriy Drusvyatskiy , Maryam Fazel , Lillian J. Ratliff

Designing socially optimal policies in multi-agent environments is a fundamental challenge in both economics and artificial intelligence. This paper studies a general framework for learning Stackelberg equilibria in dynamic and uncertain…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Jun He , Andrew L. Liu , Yihsu Chen

We study Stackelberg (leader--follower) tuning of network parameters (tolls, capacities, incentives) in combinatorial congestion games, where selfish users choose discrete routes (or other combinatorial strategies) and settle at a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Saeed Masiha , Sepehr Elahi , Negar Kiyavash , Patrick Thiran

Federated Learning (FL) has gained prominence as a decentralized machine learning paradigm, allowing clients to collaboratively train a global model while preserving data privacy. Despite its potential, FL faces significant challenges in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Simin Javaherian , Bryce Turney , Li Chen , Nian-Feng Tzeng

In Stackelberg v/s Stackelberg games a collection of leaders compete in a Nash game constrained by the equilibrium conditions of another Nash game amongst the followers. The resulting equilibrium problems are plagued by the nonuniqueness of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Ankur A. Kulkarni , Uday V. Shanbhag

We consider a dynamic traffic routing game over an urban road network involving a large number of drivers in which each driver selecting a particular route is subject to a penalty that is affine in the logarithm of the number of drivers…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-22 Takashi Tanaka , Ehsan Nekouei , Ali Reza Pedram , Karl Henrik Johansson