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We consider the use of no-regret algorithms to compute equilibria for particular classes of convex-concave games. While standard regret bounds would lead to convergence rates on the order of $O(T^{-1/2})$, recent work \citep{RS13,SALS15}…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Jacob Abernethy , Kevin A. Lai , Kfir Y. Levy , Jun-Kun Wang

This paper addresses the problem of learning an equilibrium efficiently in general-sum Markov games through decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning. Given the fundamental difficulty of calculating a Nash equilibrium (NE), we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Weichao Mao , Tamer Başar

This paper investigates equilibrium computation and the price of anarchy for Bayesian games, which are the fundamental models of games with incomplete information. In normal-form games with complete information, it is known that efficiently…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Kaito Fujii

Regret-based algorithms are highly efficient at finding approximate Nash equilibria in sequential games such as poker games. However, most regret-based algorithms, including counterfactual regret minimization (CFR) and its variants, rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Chung-Wei Lee , Christian Kroer , Haipeng Luo

This paper examines the convergence of no-regret learning in Cournot games with continuous actions. Cournot games are the essential model for many socio-economic systems, where players compete by strategically setting their output quantity.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Yuanyuan Shi , Baosen Zhang

We study the question of obtaining last-iterate convergence rates for no-regret learning algorithms in multi-player games. We show that the optimistic gradient (OG) algorithm with a constant step-size, which is no-regret, achieves a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Noah Golowich , Sarath Pattathil , Constantinos Daskalakis

We show for the first time, to our knowledge, that it is possible to reconcile in online learning in zero-sum games two seemingly contradictory objectives: vanishing time-average regret and non-vanishing step sizes. This phenomenon, that we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-14 James P. Bailey , Georgios Piliouras

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) has found success in settings like poker which have both terminal states and perfect recall. We seek to understand how to relax these requirements. As a first step, we introduce a simple algorithm,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Ian A. Kash , Michael Sullins , Katja Hofmann

Learning in games refers to scenarios where multiple players interact in a shared environment, each aiming to minimize their regret. An equilibrium can be computed at a fast rate of $O(1/T)$ when all players follow the optimistic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Taira Tsuchiya , Shinji Ito , Haipeng Luo

Regret has been established as a foundational concept in online learning, and likewise has important applications in the analysis of learning dynamics in games. Regret quantifies the difference between a learner's performance against a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Georgios Piliouras , Mark Rowland , Shayegan Omidshafiei , Romuald Elie , Daniel Hennes , Jerome Connor , Karl Tuyls

No-regret learning has emerged as a powerful tool for solving extensive-form games. This was facilitated by the counterfactual-regret minimization (CFR) framework, which relies on the instantiation of regret minimizers for simplexes at each…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Gabriele Farina , Christian Kroer , Tuomas Sandholm

We examine the problem of efficiently learning coarse correlated equilibria (CCE) in polyhedral games, that is, normal-form games with an exponentially large number of actions per player and an underlying combinatorial structure. Prominent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Andreas Kontogiannis , Vasilis Pollatos , Gabriele Farina , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Ioannis Panageas

A considerable chasm has been looming for decades between theory and practice in zero-sum game solving through first-order methods. Although a convergence rate of $T^{-1}$ has long been established, the most effective paradigm in practice…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Brian Hu Zhang , Ioannis Anagnostides , Tuomas Sandholm

The complexity of computing equilibrium refinements has been at the forefront of algorithmic game theory research, but it has remained open in the seminal class of potential games; we close this fundamental gap in this paper. We first show…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Ioannis Anagnostides , Maria-Florina Balcan , Kiriaki Fragkia , Tuomas Sandholm , Emanuel Tewolde , Brian Hu Zhang

In two-player zero-sum games, the learning dynamic based on optimistic Hedge achieves one of the best-known regret upper bounds among strongly-uncoupled learning dynamics. With an appropriately chosen learning rate, the social and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Taira Tsuchiya

By incorporating regret minimization, double oracle methods have demonstrated rapid convergence to Nash Equilibrium (NE) in normal-form games and extensive-form games, through algorithms such as online double oracle (ODO) and extensive-form…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Xiaohang Tang , Le Cong Dinh , Stephen Marcus McAleer , Yaodong Yang

In this paper, we examine the long-run behavior of regularized, no-regret learning in finite games. A well-known result in the field states that the empirical frequencies of no-regret play converge to the game's set of coarse correlated…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Victor Boone , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

We study the problem of no-regret learning algorithms for general monotone and smooth games and their last-iterate convergence properties. Specifically, we investigate the problem under bandit feedback and strongly uncoupled dynamics, which…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Jing Dong , Baoxiang Wang , Yaoliang Yu

No-regret self-play learning dynamics have become one of the premier ways to solve large-scale games in practice. Accelerating their convergence via improving the regret of the players over the naive $O(\sqrt{T})$ bound after $T$ rounds has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Shinji Ito , Haipeng Luo , Taira Tsuchiya , Yue Wu

In recent years, empirical game-theoretic analysis (EGTA) has emerged as a powerful tool for analyzing games in which an exact specification of the utilities is unavailable. Instead, EGTA assumes access to an oracle, i.e., a simulator,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Bhaskar Mishra , Cyrus Cousins , Amy Greenwald