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Many modern workloads, such as neural networks, databases, and graph processing, are fundamentally memory-bound. For such workloads, the data movement between main memory and CPU cores imposes a significant overhead in terms of both latency…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Juan Gómez-Luna , Izzat El Hajj , Ivan Fernandez , Christina Giannoula , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Onur Mutlu

Processing-in-memory (PIM) reduces data movement by executing near memory, but our large-scale characterization on real PIM hardware shows that end-to-end performance is often limited by disjoint host and device address spaces that force…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-11-20 I-Ting Lee , Bao-Kai Wang , Liang-Chi Chen , Wen Sheng Lim , Da-Wei Chang , Yu-Ming Chang , Chieng-Chung Ho

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architecture is an inherent match for data analytics application, but we observe major challenges to address when accelerating it using PIM. In this paper, we propose Darwin, a practical LRDIMM-based multi-level…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Donghyuk Kim , Jae-Young Kim , Wontak Han , Jongsoon Won , Haerang Choi , Yongkee Kwon , Joo-Young Kim

Modern computing systems suffer from the dichotomy between computation on one side, which is performed only in the processor (and accelerators), and data storage/movement on the other, which all other parts of the system are dedicated to.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Onur Mutlu , Saugata Ghose , Juan Gómez-Luna , Rachata Ausavarungnirun

The performance bottleneck of deep-learning-based recommender systems resides in their backbone Deep Neural Networks. By integrating Processing-In-Memory~(PIM) architectures, researchers can reduce data movement and enhance energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Feng Cheng , Tunhou Zhang , Junyao Zhang , Jonathan Hao-Cheng Ku , Yitu Wang , Xiaoxuan Yang , Hai , Li , Yiran Chen

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising approach to improving the computing speed and energy efficiency in dataintensive applications. Beyond existing CiM techniques of bitwise logic-in-memory operations and dot product operations, this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Yiming Chen , Yushen Fu , Mingyen Lee , Sumitha George , Yongpan Liu , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan , Huazhong Yang , Xueqing Li

Processing-In-Memory (PIM) is a novel approach that augments existing DRAM memory chips with lightweight logic. By allowing to offload computations to the PIM system, this architecture allows for circumventing the data-bottleneck problem…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-18 André Lopes , Daniel Castro , Paolo Romano

Several manufacturers have already started to commercialize near-bank Processing-In-Memory (PIM) architectures. Near-bank PIM architectures place simple cores close to DRAM banks and can yield significant performance and energy improvements…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Christina Giannoula , Ivan Fernandez , Juan Gómez-Luna , Nectarios Koziris , Georgios Goumas , Onur Mutlu

High-performance computing systems are moving towards 2.5D and 3D memory hierarchies, based on High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) and Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) to mitigate the main memory bottlenecks. This trend is also creating new opportunities…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Erfan Azarkhish , Davide Rossi , Igor Loi , Luca Benini

Processing-in-memory (PIM) is a promising computing paradigm to tackle the "memory wall" challenge. However, PIM system-level benefits over traditional von Neumann architecture can be reduced when the memory array cannot fully store all the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Peilin Chen , Xiaoxuan Yang

Several manufacturers have already started to commercialize near-bank Processing-In-Memory (PIM) architectures. Near-bank PIM architectures place simple cores close to DRAM banks and can yield significant performance and energy improvements…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Christina Giannoula , Ivan Fernandez , Juan Gómez-Luna , Nectarios Koziris , Georgios Goumas , Onur Mutlu

Digital processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures are rapidly emerging to overcome the memory-wall bottleneck by integrating logic within memory elements. Such architectures provide vast computational power within the memory itself in the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Orian Leitersdorf , Dean Leitersdorf , Jonathan Gal , Mor Dahan , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

The dominance of machine learning and the ending of Moore's law have renewed interests in Processor in Memory (PIM) architectures. This interest has produced several recent proposals to modify an FPGA's BRAM architecture to form a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-11 MD Arafat Kabir , Ehsan Kabir , Joshua Hollis , Eli Levy-Mackay , Atiyehsadat Panahi , Jason Bakos , Miaoqing Huang , David Andrews

The performance of today's in-memory indexes is bottlenecked by the memory latency/bandwidth wall. Processing-in-memory (PIM) is an emerging approach that potentially mitigates this bottleneck, by enabling low-latency memory access whose…

Processing-using-DRAM has been proposed for a limited set of basic operations (i.e., logic operations, addition). However, in order to enable the full adoption of processing-using-DRAM, it is necessary to provide support for more complex…

The performance gap between memory and processor has grown rapidly. Consequently, the energy and wall-clock time costs associated with moving data between the CPU and main memory predominate the overall computational cost. The…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Qingcai Jiang , Shaojie Tan , Junshi Chen , Hong An

Demand for data-intensive workloads and confidential computing are the prominent research directions shaping the future of cloud computing. Computer architectures are evolving to accommodate the computing of large data better. Protecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Kha Dinh Duy , Hojoon Lee

Compute in-memory (CIM) is a promising technique that minimizes data transport, the primary performance bottleneck and energy cost of most data intensive applications. This has found wide-spread adoption in accelerating neural networks for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Brian Crafton , Samuel Spetalnick , Gauthaman Murali , Tushar Krishna , Sung-Kyu Lim , Arijit Raychowdhury

Training machine learning (ML) algorithms is a computationally intensive process, which is frequently memory-bound due to repeatedly accessing large training datasets. As a result, processor-centric systems (e.g., CPU, GPU) suffer from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Juan Gómez-Luna , Yuxin Guo , Sylvan Brocard , Julien Legriel , Remy Cimadomo , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Gagandeep Singh , Onur Mutlu

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a promising technology for confidential cloud computing, as it allows computations on encrypted data. However, HE is computationally expensive and often memory-bound on conventional computer architectures.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Niklas Klinger , Jonas Sander , Peterson Yuhala , Pascal Felber , Thomas Eisenbarth