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The increasing prevalence and growing size of data in modern applications have led to high costs for computation in traditional processor-centric computing systems. Moving large volumes of data between memory devices (e.g., DRAM) and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Geraldo F. Oliveira , Juan Gómez-Luna , Saugata Ghose , Onur Mutlu

Processing-using-DRAM (PUD) is a processing-in-memory (PIM) approach that uses a DRAM array's massive internal parallelism to execute very-wide data-parallel operations, in a single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) fashion. However, DRAM…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential in a variety of applications due to their advanced language understanding and generation capabilities. However, their computational and memory requirements pose significant challenges to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Cristobal Ortega , Yann Falevoz , Renaud Ayrignac

Bit-level sparsity in neural network models harbors immense untapped potential. Eliminating redundant calculations of randomly distributed zero-bits significantly boosts computational efficiency. Yet, traditional digital SRAM-PIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Cenlin Duan , Jianlei Yang , Yiou Wang , Yikun Wang , Yingjie Qi , Xiaolin He , Bonan Yan , Xueyan Wang , Xiaotao Jia , Weisheng Zhao

Poor DRAM technology scaling over the course of many years has caused DRAM-based main memory to increasingly become a larger system bottleneck. A major reason for the bottleneck is that data stored within DRAM must be moved across a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Saugata Ghose , Kevin Hsieh , Amirali Boroumand , Rachata Ausavarungnirun , Onur Mutlu

Analog compute-in-memory (CIM) in static random-access memory (SRAM) is promising for accelerating deep learning inference by circumventing the memory wall and exploiting ultra-efficient analog low-precision arithmetic. Latest analog CIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zhiyu Chen , Ziyuan Wen , Weier Wan , Akhil Reddy Pakala , Yiwei Zou , Wei-Chen Wei , Zengyi Li , Yubei Chen , Kaiyuan Yang

Digital processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures mitigate the memory wall problem by facilitating parallel bitwise operations directly within the memory. Recent works have demonstrated their algorithmic potential for accelerating…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Orian Leitersdorf , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

All-pairs shortest paths (APSP) remains a major bottleneck for large-scale graph analytics, as data movement with cubic complexity overwhelms the bandwidth of conventional memory hierarchies. In this work, we propose RAPID-Graph to address…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yanru Chen , Zheyu Li , Keming Fan , Runyang Tian , John Hsu , Weihong Xu , Minxuan Zhou , Tajana Rosing

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures are emerging to reduce data movement in data-intensive applications. These architectures seek to exploit the same physical devices for both information storage and logic, thereby dwarfing the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Orian Leitersdorf , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various aspects of human life, yet their immense computational and energy demands pose significant challenges for efficient inference. The memory wall, the growing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Hongyi Li , Songchen Ma , Huanyu Qu , Weihao Zhang , Jia Chen , Junfeng Lin , Fengbin Tu , Rong Zhao

Processing in-memory (PIM) is promising to accelerate neural networks (NNs) because it minimizes data movement and provides large computational parallelism. Similar to machine learning accelerators, application mapping, which determines the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xuan Wang , Minxuan Zhou , Tajana Rosing

High Bandwidth Memory with Processing-in-Memory (HBM-PIM) offers an opportunity to reduce data movement by executing computation directly inside memory, but current commercial platforms expose limited instruction sets and require…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Emanuele Venieri , Simone Manoni , Alberto Florian , Jaehyun Park , Kyomin Sohn , Andrea Bartolini

As data-intensive applications increasingly strain conventional computing systems, processing-in-memory (PIM) has emerged as a promising paradigm to alleviate the memory wall by minimizing data transfer between memory and processing units.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Thomas Neuner , Henriette Padberg , Lior Kornblum , Eilam Yalon , Pedram Khalili Amiri , Shahar Kvatinsky

Data movement between memory and processors is a major bottleneck in modern computing systems. The processing-in-memory (PIM) paradigm aims to alleviate this bottleneck by performing computation inside memory chips. Real PIM hardware (e.g.,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Jinfan Chen , Juan Gómez-Luna , Izzat El Hajj , Yuxin Guo , Onur Mutlu

Cryptographic algorithms such as AES-128 and SHA-256 are fundamental to ensuring data security and integrity. Although these algorithms are computationally efficient, their performance is often constrained by the processor-centric…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Nicola Barcarolo , Brahmaiah Gandham , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Roberto Passerone , Onur Mutlu , Flavio Vella

Today's computing systems require moving data back-and-forth between computing resources (e.g., CPUs, GPUs, accelerators) and off-chip main memory so that computation can take place on the data. Unfortunately, this data movement is a major…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Geraldo F. Oliveira , Amirali Boroumand , Saugata Ghose , Juan Gómez-Luna , Onur Mutlu

Compute-in-memory (PIM) mitigates the memory wall by performing computation within memory, reducing data movement and improving energy efficiency. DRAM-based PIM is particularly attractive due to its high density, mature manufacturing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Siddhartha Raman Sundara Raman , Siyuan Ma , Lizy Kurian John

The demand for efficient machine learning (ML) accelerators is growing rapidly, driving the development of novel computing concepts such as resistive random access memory (RRAM)-based tiled computing-in-memory (CIM) architectures. CIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Rebecca Pelke , Jose Cubero-Cascante , Nils Bosbach , Felix Staudigl , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Many modern and emerging applications must process increasingly large volumes of data. Unfortunately, prevalent computing paradigms are not designed to efficiently handle such large-scale data: the energy and performance costs to move this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Saugata Ghose , Amirali Boroumand , Jeremie S. Kim , Juan Gómez-Luna , Onur Mutlu

Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures enable computation directly within DRAM and help combat the memory wall problem. Bit-shifting is a fundamental operation that enables PIM applications such as shift-and-add multiplication, adders…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-02 William C. Tegge , Alex K. Jones