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Naomi is a spatial evidence synthesis model used to produce district-level HIV epidemic indicators in sub-Saharan Africa. Multiple outcomes of policy interest, including HIV prevalence, HIV incidence, and antiretroviral therapy treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-22 Adam Howes , Alex Stringer , Seth R. Flaxman , Jeffrey W. Imai-Eaton

The primary goal of public health efforts to control HIV epidemics is to diagnose and treat people with HIV infection as soon as possible after seroconversion. The timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment after HIV…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-03 Hongbin Zhang , McKaylee Robertson , Sarah L. Braunstein , Levi Waldron , Denis Nash

Next-generation sequencing technologies now constitute a method of choice to measure gene expression. Data to analyze are read counts, commonly modeled using Negative Binomial distributions. A relevant issue associated with this…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-11-10 Elisabetta Bonafede , Franck Picard , Stéphane Robin , Cinzia Viroli

New methods and theory have recently been developed to nonparametrically estimate cumulative incidence functions for competing risks survival data subject to current status censoring. In particular, the limiting distribution of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-01-12 Marloes H. Maathuis , Michael G. Hudgens

When evaluating the efficacy of social programs and medical treatments using randomized experiments, the estimated overall average causal effect alone is often of limited value and the researchers must investigate when the treatments do and…

Applications · Statistics 2013-05-27 Kosuke Imai , Marc Ratkovic

We study a SEIR model considered by Gomes et al. \cite{Gomes2020} and Aguas et al. \cite{Aguas2020} where different individuals are assumed to have different levels of susceptibility or exposure to infection. Under this heterogeneity…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-10 Antonio Montalbán , Rodrigo M. Corder , M. Gabriela M. Gomes

In this paper we propose a method and discuss its computational implementation as an integrated tool for the analysis of viral genetic diversity on data generated by high-throughput sequencing. Most methods for viral diversity estimation…

Confounding and exposure measurement error can introduce bias when drawing inference about the marginal effect of an exposure on an outcome of interest. While there are broad methodologies for addressing each source of bias individually,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-29 Brian D. Richardson , Bryan S. Blette , Peter B. Gilbert , Michael G. Hudgens

There are many sources of data giving information about the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the population, but all have major drawbacks, including biases and delayed reporting. For example, the number of confirmed cases largely…

Applications · Statistics 2022-06-08 Nicholas J. Irons , Adrian E. Raftery

During primary HIV infection, the kinetics of plasma virus concentrations and CD4+ cell counts is very complex. Parametric and nonparametric models have been suggested for fitting repeated measurements of these markers. Alternatively,…

Applications · Statistics 2011-01-07 J. Drylewicz , J. Guedj , D. Commenges , R. Thiébaut

Site occupancy models are routinely used to estimate the probability of species presence from either abundance or presence-absence data collected across sites with repeated sampling occasions. In the last two decades, a broad class of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-05 Wen-Han Hwang , Jakub Stoklosa , Lu-Fang Chen

Estimating the prevalence of a disease is necessary for evaluating and mitigating risks of its transmission within or between populations. Estimates that consider how prevalence changes with time provide more information about these risks…

Applications · Statistics 2021-11-12 Braden Scherting , Alison Peel , Raina Plowright , Andrew Hoegh

The expected number of secondary infections arising from each index case, referred to as the reproduction or $R$ number, is a vital summary statistic for understanding and managing epidemic diseases. There are many methods for estimating…

Applications · Statistics 2022-02-22 Joe Meagher , Nial Friel

Many applications of causal inference require using treatment effects estimated on a study population to make decisions in a separate target population. We consider the challenging setting where there are covariates that are observed in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Khurram Yamin , Vibhhu Sharma , Ed Kennedy , Bryan Wilder

Here we present the first genome wide statistical test for recessive selection. This test uses explicitly non-equilibrium demographic differences between populations to infer the mode of selection. By analyzing the transient response to a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-03-24 Daniel J. Balick , Ron Do , David Reich , Shamil R. Sunyaev

Purpose: The use of cumulative measures of exposure to raised HIV viral load (viremia copy-years) is an increasingly common in HIV prevention and treatment epidemiology due to the high biological plausibility. We sought to estimate the…

Applications · Statistics 2019-05-10 Maia Lesosky , Tracy Glass , Brian Rambau , Nei-Yuan Hsiao , Elaine J Abrams , Landon Myer

The probability-scale residual (PSR) is well defined across a wide variety of variable types and models, making it useful for studies of HIV/AIDS. In this manuscript, we highlight some of the properties of the PSR and illustrate its…

Applications · Statistics 2018-03-02 Bryan E. Shepherd , Qi Liu , Valentine Wanga , Chun Li

This research reports on the relationship and significance of social-economic factors (age, sex, employment status) and modes of HIV/AIDS transmission to the HIV/AIDS spread. Logistic regression model, a form of probabilistic function for…

Applications · Statistics 2016-09-27 A. O. Bello , F. A. Oguntolu , O. M. Adetutu , J. P. Ojedokun

Genetic sequence data of pathogens are increasingly used to investigate transmission dynamics in both endemic diseases and disease outbreaks; such research can aid in development of appropriate interventions and in design of studies to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-01-24 Hesam Montazeri , Susan Little , Niko Beerenwinkel , Victor DeGruttola

Recency bias in a sequential recommendation system refers to the overly high emphasis placed on recent items within a user session. This bias can diminish the serendipity of recommendations and hinder the system's ability to capture users'…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Jeonglyul Oh , Sungzoon Cho