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Logic synthesis is a crucial phase in the circuit design process, responsible for transforming hardware description language (HDL) designs into optimized netlists. However, traditional logic synthesis methods are computationally intensive,…

Register Transfer Level(RTL) code optimization is crucial for achieving high performance and low power consumption in digital circuit design. However, traditional optimization methods often rely on manual tuning and heuristics, which can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Zhihao Xu , Bixin Li , Lulu Wang

As hardware design complexity escalates, there is an urgent need for advanced automation in electronic design automation (EDA). Traditional register transfer level (RTL) design methods are manual, time-consuming, and prone to errors. While…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Mohammad Akyash , Kimia Azar , Hadi Kamali

This paper presents RocketPPA, a novel ultra-fast power, performance (delay), and area (PPA) estimator operating directly at the code-level abstraction using HDL code as input. The key technical innovation is its LLM-based regression model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Armin Abdollahi , Mehdi Kamal , Massoud Pedram

Register-Transfer Level (RTL) coding is an iterative, repository-scale process in which Power, Performance, and Area (PPA) emerge from interactions across many files and the downstream toolchain. While large language models (LLMs) have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Zhengyuan Shi , Jingxin Wang , Tairan Cheng , Changran Xu , Weikang Qian , Qiang Xu

Register-Transfer Level (RTL) synthesis and summarization are central to hardware design automation but remain challenging for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to rigid HDL syntax, limited supervision, and weak alignment with natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Prashanth Vijayaraghavan , Apoorva Nitsure , Luyao Shi , Charles Mackin , Ashutosh Jadhav , David Beymer , Ehsan Degan , Vandana Mukherjee

In recent years, domain-specific accelerators (DSAs) have gained popularity for applications such as deep learning and autonomous driving. To facilitate DSA designs, programmers use high-level synthesis (HLS) to compile a high-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zongyue Qin , Yunsheng Bai , Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Zijian Ding , Ziniu Hu , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

Modern hardware compilers increasingly rely on rich intermediate representations (IRs) to preserve optimization-relevant semantics before generating RTL code. However, one important optimization is still largely deferred to backend tools:…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Shuo Yin , Fangzhou Liu , Lancheng Zou , Rongliang Fu , Wenqian Zhao , Chen Bai , Tsung-Yi Ho , Yuan Xie , Bei Yu

Recent years have witnessed the growing popularity of domain-specific accelerators (DSAs), such as Google's TPUs, for accelerating various applications such as deep learning, search, autonomous driving, etc. To facilitate DSA designs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Yunsheng Bai , Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Zongyue Qin , Ziniu Hu , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated excellent performance, inspiring researchers to explore their use in automating register transfer level (RTL) code generation and improving hardware design efficiency. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Peiyang Wu , Nan Guo , Xiao Xiao , Wenming Li , Xiaochun Ye , Dongrui Fan

In modern Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuit design flow, the Register-Transfer Level (RTL) stage presents a critical opportunity for timing optimization. Addressing timing violations at this early stage is essential, as modern…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Wenhao Lv , Yingjie Xia , Xiyuan Chen , Li Kuang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in generating code for general-purpose programming languages. However, their potential for hardware description languages (HDLs), such as SystemVerilog,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Arnav Sheth , Ivaxi Sheth , Mario Fritz

Large Language Models have emerged as powerful tools for automating Register-Transfer Level (RTL) code generation, yet they face critical limitations: existing approaches typically fail to simultaneously optimize functional correctness and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhirong Chen , Kaiyan Chang , Zhuolin Li , Cangyuan Li , Xinyang He , Chujie Chen , Mengdi Wang , Haobo Xu , Yinhe Han , Huawei Li , Ying Wang

In today's rapidly evolving field of electronic design automation (EDA), the complexity of hardware designs is increasing, necessitating more sophisticated automation solutions. High-level synthesis (HLS), as a pivotal solution, automates…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-06 M Zafir Sadik Khan , Nowfel Mashnoor , Mohammad Akyash , Kimia Azar , Hadi Kamali

Register Transfer Level (RTL) code optimization is crucial for enhancing the efficiency and performance of digital circuits during early synthesis stages. Currently, optimization relies heavily on manual efforts by skilled engineers, often…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Xufeng Yao , Yiwen Wang , Xing Li , Yingzhao Lian , Ran Chen , Lei Chen , Mingxuan Yuan , Hong Xu , Bei Yu

High-level synthesis (HLS) enables designers to customize hardware designs efficiently. However, it is still challenging to foresee the correlation between power consumption and HLS-based applications at an early design stage. To overcome…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Zhe Lin , Jieru Zhao , Sharad Sinha , Wei Zhang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown significant potential for automating hardware description language (HDL) code generation from high-level natural language instructions. While fine-tuning has improved LLMs'…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yi Liu , Changran Xu , Yunhao Zhou , Zeju Li , Qiang Xu

Despite the significant progress made in code generation with large language models, challenges persist, especially with hardware description languages such as Verilog. This paper first presents an analysis of fine-tuned LLMs on Verilog…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Mingjie Liu , Yun-Da Tsai , Wenfei Zhou , Haoxing Ren

The increasing demand of dedicated accelerators to improve energy efficiency and performance has highlighted FPGAs as a promising option to deliver both. However, programming FPGAs in hardware description languages requires long time and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Maria A. Dávila-Guzmán , Rubén Gran Tejero , María Villarroya-Gaudó , Darío Suárez Gracia

Register Transfer Level (RTL) design validation is a crucial stage in the hardware design process. We present a new approach to enhancing RTL design validation using available software techniques and tools. Our approach converts the source…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Yu Zhang , Wenlong Feng , Mengxing Huang