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Post-training quantization of Large Language Models (LLMs) has proven effective in reducing the memory and computational requirements for inference. In this study, we focus on a straightforward question: When aiming for a target accuracy or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Zeyu Cao , Boyang Gu , Cheng Zhang , Pedro Gimenes , Jianqiao Lu , Jianyi Cheng , Xitong Gao , Yiren Zhao

As the rapid scaling of large language models (LLMs) poses significant challenges for deployment on resource-constrained devices, there is growing interest in extremely low-bit quantization, such as 2-bit. Although prior works have shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jung Hyun Lee , Seungjae Shin , Vinnam Kim , Jaeseong You , An Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

Post-training quantization (PTQ) enables effective model compression while preserving relatively high accuracy. Current weight-only PTQ methods primarily focus on the challenging sub-3-bit regime, where approaches often suffer significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Hongyaoxing Gu , Lijuan Hu , Liye Yu , Haowei Li , Fangfang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are proficient in natural language processing tasks, but their deployment is often restricted by extensive parameter sizes and computational demands. This paper focuses on post-training quantization (PTQ) in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Janghwan Lee , Minsoo Kim , Seungcheol Baek , Seok Joong Hwang , Wonyong Sung , Jungwook Choi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have greatly advanced the natural language processing paradigm. However, the high computational load and huge model sizes pose a grand challenge for deployment on edge devices. To this end, we propose APTQ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Ziyi Guan , Hantao Huang , Yupeng Su , Hong Huang , Ngai Wong , Hao Yu

Network quantization is a powerful technique to compress convolutional neural networks. The quantization granularity determines how to share the scaling factors in weights, which affects the performance of network quantization. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Zhihang Yuan , Yiqi Chen , Chenhao Xue , Chenguang Zhang , Qiankun Wang , Guangyu Sun

Transformer-based architectures like BERT have achieved great success in a wide range of Natural Language tasks. Despite their decent performance, the models still have numerous parameters and high computational complexity, impeding their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Ting Hu , Christoph Meinel , Haojin Yang

Low-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) is a pivotal technique for deploying Vision-Language Models (VLMs) on resource-constrained devices. However, existing PTQ methods often degrade VLMs' accuracy due to the heterogeneous activation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yi Zhong , Haotong Qin , Xindong Zhang , Lei Zhang , Guolei Sun

Large-scale language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance, but their deployment presents challenges due to their significant memory usage. This issue can be alleviated through quantization. In this paper, we identify that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Zhihang Yuan , Lin Niu , Jiawei Liu , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang , Yuzhang Shang , Guangyu Sun , Qiang Wu , Jiaxiang Wu , Bingzhe Wu

Powerful large language models (LLMs) are increasingly expected to be deployed with lower computational costs, enabling their capabilities on resource-constrained devices. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a star approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yuzhuang Xu , Shiyu Ji , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Multimodal protein language models deliver strong performance on mutation-effect prediction, but training such models from scratch demands substantial computational resources. In this paper, we propose a fine-tuning framework called…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-02 Junde Xu , Yapin Shi , Lijun Lang , Taoyong Cui , Zhiming Zhang , Guangyong Chen , Jiezhong Qiu , Pheng-Ann Heng

Understanding protein sequences is vital and urgent for biology, healthcare, and medicine. Labeling approaches are expensive yet time-consuming, while the amount of unlabeled data is increasing quite faster than that of the labeled data due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Liang He , Shizhuo Zhang , Lijun Wu , Huanhuan Xia , Fusong Ju , He Zhang , Siyuan Liu , Yingce Xia , Jianwei Zhu , Pan Deng , Bin Shao , Tao Qin , Tie-Yan Liu

The post-training quantization (PTQ) challenge of bringing quantized neural net accuracy close to original has drawn much attention driven by industry demand. Many of the methods emphasize optimization of a specific degree-of-freedom (DoF),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-21 Alex Finkelstein , Ella Fuchs , Idan Tal , Mark Grobman , Niv Vosco , Eldad Meller

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their deployment is challenging due to the substantial computational resources required. Power-of-two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xinyu Wang , Vahid Partovi Nia , Peng Lu , Jerry Huang , Xiao-Wen Chang , Boxing Chen , Yufei Cui

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has played a key role in compressing large language models (LLMs) with ultra-low costs. However, existing PTQ methods only focus on handling the outliers within one layer or one block, which ignores the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Xin Ding , Xiaoyu Liu , Zhijun Tu , Yun Zhang , Wei Li , Jie Hu , Hanting Chen , Yehui Tang , Zhiwei Xiong , Baoqun Yin , Yunhe Wang

Quantization plays an important role in the energy-efficient deployment of deep neural networks on resource-limited devices. Post-training quantization is highly desirable since it does not require retraining or access to the full training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Jun Fang , Ali Shafiee , Hamzah Abdel-Aziz , David Thorsley , Georgios Georgiadis , Joseph Hassoun

This study presents an ensemble technique, SPQ (SVD-Pruning-Quantization), for large language model (LLM) compression that combines variance-retained singular value decomposition (SVD), activation-based pruning, and post-training linear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jiamin Yao , Eren Gultepe

The ever-growing computational complexity of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates efficient deployment strategies. The current state-of-the-art approaches for Post-training Quantization (PTQ) often require calibration to achieve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Alireza Ghaffari , Sharareh Younesian , Vahid Partovi Nia , Boxing Chen , Masoud Asgharian

Efficiently serving neural network models with low latency is becoming more challenging due to increasing model complexity and parameter count. Model quantization offers a solution which simultaneously reduces memory footprint and compute…