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Two-dimensional (2D) semimetals beyond graphene have been relatively unexplored in the atomically-thin limit. Here we introduce a facile growth mechanism for semimetallic WTe2 crystals, then fabricate few-layer test structures while…

Despite decades of research, the ultimate goal of nanotechnology--top-down manipulation of individual atoms--has been directly achieved with only one technique: scanning probe microscopy. In this Review, we demonstrate that scanning…

Quantum confinenement and manipulation of charge carriers are critical for achieving devices practical for quantum technologies. The interplay between electron spin and valley, as well as the possibility to address their quantum states…

The properties of polycrystalline materials are often dominated by the size of their grains and by the atomic structure of their grain boundaries. These effects should be especially pronounced in 2D materials, where even a line defect can…

Nanoscale control of charge doping in two-dimensional (2D) materials permits the realization of electronic analogs of optical phenomena, relativistic physics at low energies, and technologically promising nanoelectronics. Electrostatic…

The ability to manipulate two-dimensional (2D) electrons with external electric fields provides a route to synthetic band engineering. By imposing artificially designed and spatially periodic superlattice (SL) potentials, 2D electronic…

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have recently been the focus of extensive research. By following a similar trend as graphene, other 2D materials including transition metal dichalcogenides (MX2) and metal mono-chalcogenides (MX) show great…

The fabrication of atomically precise structures with designer electronic properties is one of the emerging topics in condensed matter physics. The required level of structural control can either be reached through atomic manipulation using…

Atomic-scale fabrication is an outstanding challenge and overarching goal for the nanoscience community. The practical implementation of moving and fixing atoms to a structure is non-trivial considering that one must spatially address the…

The celebrated electronic properties of graphene have opened way for materials just one-atom-thick to be used in the post-silicon electronic era. An important milestone was the creation of heterostructures based on graphene and other…

Interactions between stacked two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals can radically change their properties, leading to essentially new materials in terms of the electronic structure. Here we show that monolayers placed on an atomically flat…

While crystalline two-dimensional materials have become an experimental reality during the past few years, an amorphous 2-D material has not been reported before. Here, using electron irradiation we create an sp2-hybridized one-atom-thick…

Two-dimensional (2D) materials for their versatile band structures and strictly 2D nature have attracted considerable attention over the past decade. Graphene is a robust material for spintronics owing to its weak spin-orbit and hyperfine…

Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are receiving great attentions due to their intriguing properties and potentials in many research fields. The flow of charge carriers in vdW heterostructures can be efficiently rectified by the…

Integration of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdWs) materials with non-2D materials to realize mixed-dimensional heterostructures has potential for creating functional devices beyond the reach of existing materials and has long been a…

Two-dimensional layered and atomically thin elemental superconductors may be key ingredients in next-generation quantum technologies, if they can be stabilized and integrated into heterostructured devices under ambient conditions. However,…

Due to Klein tunneling, electrostatic confinement of electrons in graphene is not possible. This hinders the use of graphene for quantum dot applications. Only through quasi-bound states with finite lifetime has one achieved to confine…

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have received a lot of interest over the past decade. Especially van der Waals (vdW) 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), and their heterostructures exhibit semiconducting properties…

Achieving deterministic control over the properties of low-dimensional materials with nanoscale precision is a long-sought goal. Mastering this capability has a transformative impact on the design of multifunctional electrical and optical…

Designing molecular organic semiconductors with distinct frontier orbitals is key for the development of devices with desirable properties. Generating defined organic nanostructures with atomic precision can be accomplished by on-surface…