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Related papers: Note on Collatz conjecture

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The Collatz and $abc$ conjectures, both well known and thoroughly studied, appear to be largely unrelated at first sight. We show that assuming the $abc$ conjecture true is helpful to improve the lower bound of integers initiating a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Olivier Rozier

The Collatz conjecture states that repeated steps of $n\mathrm{\to }\mathrm{3}n\mathrm{+1}$ at odd numbers and $n\mathrm{\to }n\mathrm{/2}$ at even numbers amount to walks over root paths to the branching number $c=4$ in the `trivial'…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-04-29 Jan Kleinnijenhuis , Alissa M. Kleinnijenhuis , Mustafa G. Aydogan

The counting function for the numbers satisfying the Collatz conjecture is studied. A related exponential congruence equation is investigated, yielding a method to construct its solutions from free variables, and enabling us to find at…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Chunlei Liu

In this paper, we will introduce an extension to the Collatz's conjecture. This conjecture may be seen as a general conjecture that unifies the Collatz one together with many other similar conjectures. For instance, we propose our new…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Abderrahman Bouhamidi

As Collatz conjecture is still to be proved, a method to arrive at the complete proof is explored here. Conceptually, the process relies on the pre-proven sequence data and the method follows the confirmation of the convergence of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-03-05 Ramachandra Bhat

Define the \emph{Collatz map} $\mathrm{Col} : \mathbb{N}+1 \to \mathbb{N}+1$ on the positive integers $\mathbb{N}+1 = \{1,2,3,\dots\}$ by setting $\mathrm{Col}(N)$ equal to $3N+1$ when $N$ is odd and $N/2$ when $N$ is even, and let…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-02-17 Terence Tao

We prove a conjecture that classifies exceptional numbers. This conjecture arises in two different ways, from cryptography and from coding theory. An odd integer $t\geq 3$ is said to be exceptional if $f(x)=x^t$ is APN (Almost Perfect…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Fernando Hernando , Gary McGuire

In this article, we define a very important sequence of functions, all the functions of this sequence present behaviors very close to that of the Collatz function. The study of such functions allows us to obtain very interesting results…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-07-13 Raouf Rajab

The Collatz conjecture, also known as the 3n+1 problem, is one of the most popular open problems in number theory. In this note, an algorithm for the verification of the Collatz conjecture is presented that works on a standard PC for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-25 Andreas-Stephan Elsenhans

In this paper we are shown the following facts: The probability of increased $ A_{k}=P(T^{k} (x_{0})>T^{k-1} (x_{0})) $, and the probability of decrease $B_{k}=P(T^{k} (x_{0})<T^{k-1} (x_{0}))$ in step $ k $ of a Collataz procedure…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-04 Denis Martínez Tápanes , Jose E. Martínez Serra

The Collatz function is defined as C(n) = n / 2 if n is even and C(n) = 3n + 1 if n is odd. The Collatz conjecture states that every sequence generated by the Collatz function ends with the cycle (4, 2, 1) after a finite number of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2014-10-28 Manfred Bork

Collatz Conjecture sequences increase and decrease in seemingly random fashion. By identifying and analyzing the forms of numbers, we discover that Collatz sequences are governed by very specific, well-defined rules, which we call cascades.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-09-14 H. Nelson Crooks , Chigozie Nwoke

Considering all possible paths that a natural number can take following the rules of the algorithm proposed in the Collatz conjecture we construct a graph that can be interpreted as an infinite network that contemplates all possible paths…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Tobias Canavesi

Let $T$ be the map defined on $\N=\{1,2,3, ...\}$ by $T(n) = \frac{n}{2} $ if $n$ is even and by $T(n) = \frac{3n+1}{2}$ if $n$ is odd. Consider the dynamical system $(\N, 2^{\N}, T,\mu)$ where $\mu$ is the counting measure. This dynamical…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-14 Idris Assani

Let $n\in\mathbb{Z}^+$. Is it true that every sequence of $n$ consecutive integers greater than $n^2$ and smaller than $(n+1)^2$ contains at least one prime number? In this paper we show that this is actually the case for every $n \leq…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-04-04 Germán Paz

In this article, we reduce the unsolved problem of convergence of Collatz sequences to convergence of Collatz sequences of odd numbers that are divisible by 3. We give an elementary proof of the fact that a Collatz sequence does not…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2015-10-06 Maya Mohsin Ahmed

We consider the periods of the linear congruential and the power generators modulo $n$ and, for fixed choices of initial parameters, give lower bounds that hold for ``most'' $n$ when $n$ ranges over three different sets: the set of primes,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-06-26 P. Kurlberg , C. Pomerance

In this article we present set of infinite natural numbers which satisfies the conjecture $3n+1$.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-08-05 G. H. S. Costa , A. C. Souza Filho

We show that there is a constant $C>0$ such that for each integer $n\geq 1$, there is a poset on at most $2^{2n/3+C\sqrt{n}}$ elements that contains each $n$-element poset as an (induced) subposet.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-26 Paul Bastide , Carla Groenland , Rajko Nenadov

The Collatz sequence for a given natural number $N$ is generated by repeatedly applying the map $N$ $\rightarrow$ $3N+1$ if $N$ is odd and $N$ $\rightarrow$ $N/2$ if $N$ is even. One elusive open problem in Mathematics is whether all such…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-11-11 Rafael Ruggiero