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Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical application is constrained by substantial memory and computational demands. Post-training quantization (PTQ) is considered an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Chao Zeng , Songwei Liu , Yusheng Xie , Hong Liu , Xiaojian Wang , Miao Wei , Shu Yang , Fangmin Chen , Xing Mei

Neural network training is a memory- and compute-intensive task. Quantization, which enables low-bitwidth formats in training, can significantly mitigate the workload. To reduce quantization error, recent methods have developed new data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Wenjin Guo , Donglai Liu , Weiying Xie , Yunsong Li , Xuefei Ning , Zihan Meng , Shulin Zeng , Jie Lei , Zhenman Fang , Yu Wang

Today, large language models have demonstrated their strengths in various tasks ranging from reasoning, code generation, and complex problem solving. However, this advancement comes with a high computational cost and memory requirements,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Meriem Bouzouad , Yuan-Hao Chang , Jalil Boukhobza

Quantizing large language models (LLMs) to 1-bit precision significantly reduces computational costs, but existing quantization techniques suffer from noticeable performance degradation when using weight and activation precisions below 4…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Siqing Song , Chuang Wang , Ruiqi Wang , Yi Yang , Xu-Yao Zhang

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on mobile platforms faces significant challenges due to the limited memory and shared computational resources of the device. Resource availability may be an issue as it is directly impacted by the…

Deploying large language models (LLMs) in resource-constrained environments is hindered by heavy computational and memory requirements. We present LBLLM, a lightweight binarization framework that achieves effective W(1+1)A4 quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Siqing Song , Chuang Wang , Yong Lang , Yi Yang , Xu-Yao Zhang

Transformer-based architectures have become the de-facto standard models for a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks. However, their memory footprint and high latency are prohibitive for efficient deployment and inference on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Yelysei Bondarenko , Markus Nagel , Tijmen Blankevoort

Large language models (LLMs) have driven major progress in NLP, yet their substantial memory and compute demands still hinder practical deployment. Binarization can compress weights to 1 bit, fundamentally lowering compute and bandwidth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zhixiong Zhao , Zukang Xu , Dawei Yang

This study explores the quantisation-aware training (QAT) on time series Transformer models. We propose a novel adaptive quantisation scheme that dynamically selects between symmetric and asymmetric schemes during the QAT phase. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Tianheng Ling , Chao Qian , Lukas Einhaus , Gregor Schiele

We introduce a method that dramatically reduces fine-tuning VRAM requirements and rectifies quantization errors in quantized Large Language Models. First, we develop an extremely memory-efficient fine-tuning (EMEF) method for quantized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yuji Chai , John Gkountouras , Glenn G. Ko , David Brooks , Gu-Yeon Wei

Quantization has been widely used to compress and accelerate inference of large language models (LLMs). Existing methods focus on exploring the per-token dynamic calibration to ensure both inference acceleration and model accuracy under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jinguang Wang , Jingyu Wang , Haifeng Sun , Tingting Yang , Zirui Zhuang , Wanyi Ning , Yuexi Yin , Qi Qi , Jianxin Liao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have enabled a variety of real-world applications. The large parameter size of VLMs brings large memory and computation overhead which poses significant challenges for deployment. Post-Training Quantization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Shiyao Li , Yingchun Hu , Xuefei Ning , Xihui Liu , Ke Hong , Xiaotao Jia , Xiuhong Li , Yaqi Yan , Pei Ran , Guohao Dai , Shengen Yan , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) has emerged as an effective technique for alleviating the substantial computational and memory overheads of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) by compressing both weights and activations without retraining the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Chenwei Jia , Baoting Li , Xuchong Zhang , Mingzhuo Wei , Bochen Lin , Hongbin Sun

The post-training quantization (PTQ) challenge of bringing quantized neural net accuracy close to original has drawn much attention driven by industry demand. Many of the methods emphasize optimization of a specific degree-of-freedom (DoF),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-21 Alex Finkelstein , Ella Fuchs , Idan Tal , Mark Grobman , Niv Vosco , Eldad Meller

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance but incur high deployment costs, motivating extremely low-bit but lossy quantization. Existing quantization algorithms mainly focus on improving the numerical accuracy of forward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yuzhuang Xu , Xu Han , Yuxuan Li , Pengzhan Li , Wanxiang Che

Post-training quantization (PTQ) reduces the memory footprint of LLMs by quantizing weights to low-precision datatypes. Since LLM inference is usually memory-bound, PTQ methods can improve inference throughput. Recent state-of-the-art PTQ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Albert Tseng , Qingyao Sun , David Hou , Christopher De Sa

Large Language Models (LLMs) from the GPT family have become extremely popular, leading to a race towards reducing their inference costs to allow for efficient local computation. Yet, the vast majority of existing work focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Saleh Ashkboos , Ilia Markov , Elias Frantar , Tingxuan Zhong , Xincheng Wang , Jie Ren , Torsten Hoefler , Dan Alistarh

Low-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) is a practical route to deploy reasoning-capable LLMs under tight memory and latency budgets, yet it can markedly impair mathematical reasoning (drops up to 69.81% in our harder settings). We address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhen Li , Yupeng Su , Songmiao Wang , Runming Yang , Congkai Xie , Aofan Liu , Ming Li , Jiannong Cao , Yuan Xie , Ngai Wong , Hongxia Yang

Quantization is a key method for reducing the GPU memory requirement of training large language models (LLMs). Yet, current approaches are ineffective for 4-bit activations and 8-bit gradients, which would easily cause slow convergence or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenxiang Lin , Juntao Huang , Luhan Zhang , Laili Li , Xiang Bao , Mengyang Zhang , Bing Wang , Shaohuai Shi

Hybrid models that combine convolutional and transformer blocks offer strong performance in computer vision (CV) tasks but are resource-intensive for edge deployment. Although post-training quantization (PTQ) can help reduce resource…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Shaibal Saha , Lanyu Xu