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This paper proposes the first fully distributed algorithm for finding the Generalized Nash Equilibrium (GNE) of a non-cooperative game with shared coupling constraints and general cost coupling at a user-prescribed finite time T. As a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Liraz Mudrik , Isaac Kaminer , Sean Kragelund , Abram H. Clark

We address scaling up equilibrium computation in Mean Field Games (MFGs) using Online Mirror Descent (OMD). We show that continuous-time OMD provably converges to a Nash equilibrium under a natural and well-motivated set of monotonicity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Julien Perolat , Sarah Perrin , Romuald Elie , Mathieu Laurière , Georgios Piliouras , Matthieu Geist , Karl Tuyls , Olivier Pietquin

We design a distributed algorithm to seek generalized Nash equilibria of a robust game with uncertain coupled constraints. Due to the uncertainty of parameters in set constraints, we aim to find a generalized Nash equilibrium in the worst…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Gehui Xu , Guanpu Chen , Hongsheng Qi

This paper investigates the challenge of learning in black-box games, where the underlying utility function is unknown to any of the agents. While there is an extensive body of literature on the theoretical analysis of algorithms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Minbiao Han , Fengxue Zhang , Yuxin Chen

In this work, we study the sample complexity of obtaining a Nash equilibrium (NE) estimate in two-player zero-sum matrix games with noisy feedback. Specifically, we propose a novel algorithm that repeatedly solves linear programs (LPs) to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Jiashuo Jiang , Mengxiao Zhang

Competitive games involving thousands or even millions of players are prevalent in real-world contexts, such as transportation, communications, and computer networks. However, learning in these large-scale multi-agent environments presents…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Batuhan Yardim , Semih Cayci , Niao He

In this paper, we investigate the impact of introducing relative entropy regularization on the Nash Equilibria (NE) of General-Sum $N$-agent games, revealing the fact that the NE of such games conform to linear Gaussian policies. Moreover,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman , Shubham Aggarwal , Melih Bastopcu , Tamer Başar

Finding Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum continuous games is a central problem in machine learning, e.g. for training both GANs and robust models. The existence of pure Nash equilibria requires strong conditions which are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Carles Domingo-Enrich , Samy Jelassi , Arthur Mensch , Grant Rotskoff , Joan Bruna

We study robust Markov games (RMG) with $s$-rectangular uncertainty. We show a general equivalence between computing a robust Nash equilibrium (RNE) of a $s$-rectangular RMG and computing a Nash equilibrium (NE) of an appropriately…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Jeremy McMahan , Giovanni Artiglio , Qiaomin Xie

In this paper we establish quantitative convergence results for both open and closed-loop Nash equilibria of N-player stochastic differential games in the setting of Mean Field Games of Controls (MFGC), a class of models where interactions…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-24 Joe Jackson , Alpár R. Mészáros

In this paper we study a type of games regularized by the relative entropy, where the players' strategies are coupled through a random environment variable. Besides the existence and the uniqueness of equilibria of such games, we prove that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Giovanni Conforti , Anna Kazeykina , Zhenjie Ren

Worst-case hardness results for most equilibrium computation problems have raised the need for beyond-worst-case analysis. To this end, we study the smoothed complexity of finding pure Nash equilibria in Network Coordination Games, a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Shant Boodaghians , Rucha Kulkarni , Ruta Mehta

In this paper, we present a sequential decomposition algorithm equivalent of Master equation to compute GMFE of GMFG and graphon optimal Markovian policies (GOMPs) of graphon mean field teams (GMFTs). We consider a large population of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Deepanshu Vasal , Rajesh K Mishra , Sriram Vishwanath

In noncooperative Nash games, equilibria are often inefficient. This is exemplified by the Prisoner's Dilemma and was first provably shown in the 1980s. Since then, understanding the quality of Nash equilibrium (NE) received considerable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Yuyang Qiu , Farzad Yousefian , Brian Zhang

A mean-field game (MFG) seeks the Nash Equilibrium of a game involving a continuum of players, where the Nash Equilibrium corresponds to a fixed point of the best-response mapping. However, simple fixed-point iterations do not always…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Jiajia Yu , Xiuyuan Cheng , Jian-Guo Liu , Hongkai Zhao

In order to find Nash-equilibria for two-player zero-sum games where each player plays combinatorial objects like spanning trees, matchings etc, we consider two online learning algorithms: the online mirror descent (OMD) algorithm and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-03 Swati Gupta , Michel Goemans , Patrick Jaillet

This paper proposes and studies a class of discrete-time finite-time-horizon Stackelberg mean-field games, with one leader and an infinite number of identical and indistinguishable followers. In this game, the objective of the leader is to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-11 Xin Guo , Anran Hu , Jiacheng Zhang

Evolutionary anti-coordination games on networks capture real-world strategic situations such as traffic routing and market competition. In such games, agents maximize their utility by choosing actions that differ from their neighbors'…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zirou Qiu , Chen Chen , Madhav V. Marathe , S. S. Ravi , Daniel J. Rosenkrantz , Richard E. Stearns , Anil Vullikanti

In this manuscript we derive a new nonlinear transport equation written on the space of probability measures that allows to study a class of deterministic mean field games and master equations, where the interaction of the agents happens…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-03-25 P. Jameson Graber , Alpár R. Mészáros

This paper establishes a primal-dual formulation for continuous-time mean field games (MFGs) and provides a complete analytical characterization of the set of all Nash equilibria (NEs). We first show that for any given mean field flow, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-01 Xin Guo , Anran Hu , Jiacheng Zhang , Yufei Zhang