English
Related papers

Related papers: Scaling Laws of RoPE-based Extrapolation

200 papers

Extending large language models (LLMs) to process longer inputs is crucial for a wide range of applications. However, the substantial computational cost of transformers and limited generalization of positional encoding restrict the size of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Howard Yen , Tianyu Gao , Danqi Chen

Test-time scaling offers a promising path to improve LLM reasoning by utilizing more compute at inference time; however, the true promise of this paradigm lies in extrapolation (i.e., improvement in performance on hard problems as LLMs keep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Amrith Setlur , Matthew Y. R. Yang , Charlie Snell , Jeremy Greer , Ian Wu , Virginia Smith , Max Simchowitz , Aviral Kumar

Length extrapolation algorithms based on Rotary position embedding (RoPE) have shown promising results in extending the context length of language models. However, understanding how position embedding can capture longer-range contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Xiangyu Hong , Che Jiang , Biqing Qi , Fandong Meng , Mo Yu , Bowen Zhou , Jie Zhou

Diffusion LLMs have attracted growing interest, with plenty of recent work emphasizing their great potential in various downstream tasks; yet the long-context behavior of diffusion LLMs remains largely uncharted. We present a case study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Guangxin He , Shen Nie , Fengqi Zhu , Yuankang Zhao , Tianyi Bai , Ran Yan , Jie Fu , Chongxuan Li , Binhang Yuan

Rotary positional embeddings (RoPE) are widely used in large language models to encode token positions through multiplicative rotations, yet their behavior at long context lengths remains poorly characterized. In this work, we reinterpret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Feilong Liu

Positional Encodings (PEs) are a critical component of Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs), providing the attention mechanism with important sequence-position information. One of the most popular types of encoding used today in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Federico Barbero , Alex Vitvitskyi , Christos Perivolaropoulos , Razvan Pascanu , Petar Veličković

Recently, Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP). Pretrained LLMs, due to limited training context size, struggle with handling long token sequences, limiting their performance on various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Haoran Lian , Junmin Chen , Wei Huang , Yizhe Xiong , Wenping Hu , Guiguang Ding , Hui Chen , Jianwei Niu , Zijia Lin , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang

Large Language Diffusion Models, or diffusion LLMs, have emerged as a significant focus in NLP research, with substantial effort directed toward understanding their scalability and downstream task performance. However, their long-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xiaoran Liu , Yuerong Song , Zhigeng Liu , Zengfeng Huang , Qipeng Guo , Ziwei He , Xipeng Qiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) require instruction fine-tuning to perform different downstream tasks. However, the instruction fine-tuning phase still demands significant computational resources and labeled data, lacking a paradigm that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Yiguan Lin , Bin Xu , Yinghao Li , Yang Gao

Large Language Models (LLM's) have demonstrated considerable success in various Natural Language Processing tasks, but they have yet to attain state-of-the-art performance in Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Nevertheless, their significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Sai Koneru , Miriam Exel , Matthias Huck , Jan Niehues

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE)-extension refers to modifying or generalizing the Rotary Position Embedding scheme to handle longer sequences than those encountered during pre-training. However, current extension strategies are highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Qingyuan Tian , Wenhong Zhu , Xiaoran Liu , Xiaofeng Wang , Rui Wang

The remarkable progress in deep learning in recent years is largely driven by improvements in scale, where bigger models are trained on larger datasets for longer schedules. To predict the benefit of scale empirically, we argue for a more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin , Behnam Neyshabur , Xiaohua Zhai

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made significant progress in multimodal tasks. However, their performance often deteriorates in long-context scenarios, particularly long videos. While Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) has been widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Haoran Li , Yingjie Qin , Baoyuan Ou , Lai Xu , Ruiwen Xu

Long-context large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements, driven by techniques like Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) (Su et al., 2023) and its extensions (Chen et al., 2023; Liu et al., 2024c; Peng et al., 2023). By…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Bowen Yang , Bharat Venkitesh , Dwarak Talupuru , Hangyu Lin , David Cairuz , Phil Blunsom , Acyr Locatelli

Many positional encodings (PEs) are designed to exhibit long-term decay, based on an entrenched and long-standing inductive opinion: tokens farther away from the current position carry less relevant information. We argue that long-term…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yuhan Chen , Ang Lv , Jian Luan , Bin Wang , Wei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become indispensable in real-world applications. However, their widespread adoption raises significant safety concerns, particularly in responding to socially harmful questions. Despite substantial efforts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Gabriel J. Perin , Runjin Chen , Xuxi Chen , Nina S. T. Hirata , Zhangyang Wang , Junyuan Hong

Large language models (LLMs) based on the Transformer architecture usually have their context length limited due to the high training cost. Recent advancements extend the context window by adjusting the scaling factors of RoPE and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lei Yang , Shaoyang Xu , Jianxiang Peng , Shaolin Zhu , Deyi Xiong

We identify intrinsic limitations of Rotary Positional Embeddings (RoPE) in Transformer-based long-context language models. Our theoretical analysis abstracts away from the specific content of the context and depends only on its length. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yufeng Du , Phillip Harris , Minyang Tian , Eliu A Huerta , Srikanth Ronanki , Subendhu Rongali , Aram Galstyan , Hao Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in production systems, powering applications such as chatbots, summarization, and question answering. Despite their success, controlling the length of their response remains a significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Bradley Butcher , Michael O'Keefe , James Titchener

The growing disparity between the exponential scaling of computational resources and the finite growth of high-quality text data now constrains conventional scaling approaches for large language models (LLMs). To address this challenge, we…