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Related papers: Scaling Laws of RoPE-based Extrapolation

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Given the high computational cost of preference alignment training of large language models (LLMs), exploring efficient methods to reduce the training overhead remains an important and compelling research problem. Motivated by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Chujie Zheng , Ziqi Wang , Heng Ji , Minlie Huang , Nanyun Peng

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is widely adopted in large language models (LLMs) due to its efficient encoding of relative positions with strong extrapolation capabilities. However, while its application in higher-dimensional input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Haiping Liu , Lijing Lin , Jingyuan Sun , Zhegong Shangguan , Mauricio A. Alvarez , Hongpeng Zhou

Many recent text-to-speech (TTS) systems are built on transformer architectures and employ cross-attention mechanisms for text-speech alignment. Within these systems, rotary position embedding (RoPE) is commonly used to encode positional…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Hyeongju Kim , Juheon Lee , Jinhyeok Yang , Jacob Morton

This paper addresses the challenge of train-short-test-long (TSTL) scenarios in Large Language Models (LLMs) equipped with Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE), where models pre-trained on shorter sequences face difficulty with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Suyuchen Wang , Ivan Kobyzev , Peng Lu , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Bang Liu

Large context window is a desirable feature in large language models (LLMs). However, due to high fine-tuning costs, scarcity of long texts, and catastrophic values introduced by new token positions, current extended context windows are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Yiran Ding , Li Lyna Zhang , Chengruidong Zhang , Yuanyuan Xu , Ning Shang , Jiahang Xu , Fan Yang , Mao Yang

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a significant increase in automated tools in the software engineering, capable of performing various code-related tasks such as code generation, completion, and translation.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Madhusudan Ghosh , Rishabh Gupta

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with long-context reasoning, not only due to the quadratic scaling of computational complexity with sequence length but also because of the scarcity and expense of annotating long-context data. There…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Linda He , Jue Wang , Maurice Weber , Shang Zhu , Ben Athiwaratkun , Ce Zhang

Linear position interpolation helps pre-trained models using rotary position embeddings (RoPE) to extrapolate to longer sequence lengths. We propose using linear position interpolation to extend the extrapolation range of models using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Faisal Al-Khateeb , Nolan Dey , Daria Soboleva , Joel Hestness

So far, expensive finetuning beyond the pretraining sequence length has been a requirement for effectively extending the context of language models (LM). In this work, we break this key bottleneck by Dropping the Positional Embeddings of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yoav Gelberg , Koshi Eguchi , Takuya Akiba , Edoardo Cetin

Large Language Models (LLMs) that can continually improve beyond their training budgets are able to solve increasingly difficult problems by adapting at test time, a property we refer to as extrapolation. However, standard reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ian Wu , Yuxiao Qu , Amrith Setlur , Aviral Kumar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained with a pre-defined context length, restricting their use in scenarios requiring long inputs. Previous efforts for adapting LLMs to a longer length usually requires fine-tuning with this target length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Dawei Zhu , Nan Yang , Liang Wang , Yifan Song , Wenhao Wu , Furu Wei , Sujian Li

In the realm of large-scale language models, a significant challenge arises when extrapolating sequences beyond the maximum allowable length. This is because the model's position embedding mechanisms are limited to positions encountered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yui Oka , Taku Hasegawa , Kyosuke Nishida , Kuniko Saito

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is an efficient position encoding approach and is widely utilized in numerous large language models (LLMs). Recently, a lot of methods have been put forward to further expand the context window based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenqiao Zhu , Chao Xu , Lulu Wang , Jun Wu

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) has shown strong performance in text-based Large Language Models (LLMs), but extending it to video remains a challenge due to the intricate spatiotemporal structure of video frames. Existing adaptations,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zikang Liu , Longteng Guo , Yepeng Tang , Tongtian Yue , Junxian Cai , Kai Ma , Qingbin Liu , Xi Chen , Jing Liu

Modern large language models (LLMs) that rely on attention mechanisms are typically trained with fixed context lengths which enforce upper limits on the length of input sequences that they can handle at evaluation time. To use these models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Arka Pal , Deep Karkhanis , Manley Roberts , Samuel Dooley , Arvind Sundararajan , Siddartha Naidu

Length extrapolation has attracted considerable attention recently since it allows transformers to be tested on longer sequences than those used in training. Previous research has shown that this property can be attained by using carefully…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Zhen Qin , Yiran Zhong , Hui Deng

Explaining closed-source Large Language Model (LLM) outputs is challenging because API access prevents gradient-based attribution, while perturbation methods are costly and noisy when they depend on regenerated text. We introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Isaac Picov , Ritesh Goru

Extending context window sizes allows large language models (LLMs) to process longer sequences and handle more complex tasks. Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE) has become the de facto standard due to its relative positional encoding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Haonan Wang , Qian Liu , Chao Du , Tongyao Zhu , Cunxiao Du , Kenji Kawaguchi , Tianyu Pang

Extending the context window support of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for tasks with long-distance dependencies. RoPE-based interpolation and extrapolation methods, such as linear scaling and frequency-aware schemes, enable longer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Ye Qiao , Haocheng Xu , Xiaofan Zhang , Sitao Huang

Typically, training LLMs with long context sizes is computationally expensive, requiring extensive training hours and GPU resources. Existing long-context extension methods usually need additional training procedures to support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Jiaheng Liu , Zhiqi Bai , Yuanxing Zhang , Chenchen Zhang , Yu Zhang , Ge Zhang , Jiakai Wang , Haoran Que , Yukang Chen , Wenbo Su , Tiezheng Ge , Jie Fu , Wenhu Chen , Bo Zheng