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We introduce Adaptive Procedural Task Generation (APT-Gen), an approach to progressively generate a sequence of tasks as curricula to facilitate reinforcement learning in hard-exploration problems. At the heart of our approach, a task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Kuan Fang , Yuke Zhu , Silvio Savarese , Li Fei-Fei

ChatGPT has achieved remarkable success in natural language understanding. Considering that recommendation is indeed a conversation between users and the system with items as words, which has similar underlying pattern with ChatGPT, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yabin Zhang , Wenhui Yu , Erhan Zhang , Xu Chen , Lantao Hu , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) techniques enable automatic creation of diverse and complex environments. While PCG facilitates more efficient content creation, ensuring consistently high-quality, industry-standard content remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Mahdi Farrokhimaleki , Parsa Rahmati , Richard Zhao

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) is powerful in creating high-quality 3D contents, yet controlling it to produce desired shapes is difficult and often requires extensive parameter tuning. Inverse Procedural Content Generation aims to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Wang Zhao , Yan-Pei Cao , Jiale Xu , Yuejiang Dong , Ying Shan

We address the problem of game level repair, which consists of taking a designed but non-functional game level and making it functional. This might consist of ensuring the completeness of the level, reachability of objects, or other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Debosmita Bhaumik , Julian Togelius , Georgios N. Yannakakis , Ahmed Khalifa

We build a Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) model from scratch to solve sequential decision making tasks arising in contexts of operations research and management science which we call OMGPT. We first propose a general sequence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Hanzhao Wang , Guanting Chen , Kalyan Talluri , Xiaocheng Li

Procedural content generation (PCG) has become an increasingly popular technique in game development, allowing developers to generate dynamic, replayable, and scalable environments with reduced manual effort. In this study, a novel method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Miraç Buğra Özkan

Recent times have witnessed sharp improvements in reinforcement learning tasks using deep reinforcement learning techniques like Deep Q Networks, Policy Gradients, Actor Critic methods which are based on deep learning based models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Uddeshya Upadhyay , Nikunj Shah , Sucheta Ravikanti , Mayanka Medhe

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) methods are valuable tools to speed up the game development process. Moreover, PCG may also present in games as features, such as the procedural dungeon generation (PDG) in Moonlighter (Digital Sun,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Breno M. F. Viana , Leonardo T. Pereira , Claudio F. M. Toledo

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) algorithms enable the automatic generation of complex and diverse artifacts. However, they don't provide high-level control over the generated content and typically require domain expertise. In contrast,…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Sam Earle , Filippos Kokkinos , Yuhe Nie , Julian Togelius , Roberta Raileanu

This work presents a generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) designed for modeling financial time series. The GPT functions as an order generation engine within a discrete event simulator, enabling realistic replication of limit order book…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-26 Aaron Wheeler , Jeffrey D. Varner

Machine learning for procedural content generation has recently become an active area of research. Levels vary in both form and function and are mostly unrelated to each other across games. This has made it difficult to assemble suitably…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Philip Bontrager , Julian Togelius

Constraint-based game content generators that learn local constraints from existing content, such as Wave Function Collapse (WFC), can generate visually satisfying game levels but face challenges in guaranteeing global properties, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Debosmita Bhaumik , Julian Togelius , Georgios N. Yannakakis , Ahmed Khalifa

Developing comprehensive explicit world models is crucial for understanding and simulating real-world scenarios. Recently, Procedural Controllable Generation (PCG) has gained significant attention in large-scale scene generation by enabling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Mengqi Zhou , Yuxi Wang , Jun Hou , Shougao Zhang , Yiwei Li , Chuanchen Luo , Junran Peng , Zhaoxiang Zhang

In this work, we present TOAD-GAN (Token-based One-shot Arbitrary Dimension Generative Adversarial Network), a novel Procedural Content Generation (PCG) algorithm that generates token-based video game levels. TOAD-GAN follows the SinGAN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Maren Awiszus , Frederik Schubert , Bodo Rosenhahn

Robotics has long been a field riddled with complex systems architectures whose modules and connections, whether traditional or learning-based, require significant human expertise and prior knowledge. Inspired by large pre-trained language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Rogerio Bonatti , Sai Vemprala , Shuang Ma , Felipe Frujeri , Shuhang Chen , Ashish Kapoor

Most recent advances in 3D generative modeling rely on diffusion or flow-matching formulations. We instead explore a fully autoregressive alternative and introduce GaussianGPT, a transformer-based model that directly generates 3D Gaussians…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Nicolas von Lützow , Barbara Rössle , Katharina Schmid , Matthias Nießner

Reinforcement learning is essential for neural architecture search and hyperparameter optimization, but the conventional approaches impede widespread use due to prohibitive time and computational costs. Inspired by DeepSeek-V3 multi-token…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Zheng Li , Jerry Cheng , Huanying Helen Gu

Driven by the rapid growth of machine learning, recent advances in game artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly impacted productivity across various gaming genres. Reward design plays a pivotal role in training game AI models,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 In-Chang Baek , Tae-Hwa Park , Jin-Ha Noh , Cheong-Mok Bae , Kyung-Joong Kim

With growing interest in Procedural Content Generation (PCG) it becomes increasingly important to develop methods and tools for evaluating and comparing alternative systems. There is a particular lack regarding the evaluation of generative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Jean-Baptiste Hervé , Oliver Withington , Marion Hervé , Laurissa Tokarchuk , Christoph Salge