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ChatGPT and Bard are AI chatbots based on Large Language Models (LLM) that are slated to promise different applications in diverse areas. In education, these AI technologies have been tested for applications in assessment and teaching. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Abdolvahab Khademi

This paper studies how multimodal large language models (MLLMs) undermine the security guarantees of visual CAPTCHA. We identify the attack surface where an adversary can cheaply automate CAPTCHA solving using off-the-shelf models. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Junyu Wang , Changjia Zhu , Yuanbo Zhou , Lingyao Li , Xu He , Mingkui Wei , Junjie Xiong

With the rapid advancement of multimodal learning, pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP have demonstrated remarkable capacities in bridging the gap between visual and language modalities. However, these models remain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Jiaming Zhang , Xingjun Ma , Xin Wang , Lingyu Qiu , Jiaqi Wang , Yu-Gang Jiang , Jitao Sang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated with graph-structured data for tasks like node classification, a domain traditionally dominated by Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). While this integration leverages rich relational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Iyiola E. Olatunji , Franziska Boenisch , Jing Xu , Adam Dziedzic

The deployment of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has brought forth a unique vulnerability: susceptibility to malicious attacks through visual inputs. This paper investigates the novel challenge of defending MLLMs against such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Renjie Pi , Tianyang Han , Jianshu Zhang , Yueqi Xie , Rui Pan , Qing Lian , Hanze Dong , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

Vision-language pretraining (VLP) with transformers has demonstrated exceptional performance across numerous multimodal tasks. However, the adversarial robustness of these models has not been thoroughly investigated. Existing multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Jiwei Guan , Tianyu Ding , Longbing Cao , Lei Pan , Chen Wang , Xi Zheng

The advent of large language models is reshaping computing education. Recent research has demonstrated that these models can produce better explanations than students, answer multiple-choice questions at or above the class average, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Irene Hou , Owen Man , Sophie Mettille , Sebastian Gutierrez , Kenneth Angelikas , Stephen MacNeil

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities that increasingly influence various aspects of our daily lives, constantly defining the new boundary of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Image modalities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yihe Fan , Yuxin Cao , Ziyu Zhao , Ziyao Liu , Shaofeng Li

Despite inheriting security measures from underlying language models, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) may still be vulnerable to safety alignment issues. Through empirical analysis, we uncover two critical findings: scenario-matched images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Shuyang Hao , Bryan Hooi , Jun Liu , Kai-Wei Chang , Zi Huang , Yujun Cai

As Speech Large Language Models (Speech LLMs) become increasingly integrated into voice-based applications, ensuring their robustness against manipulative or adversarial input becomes critical. Although prior work has studied adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jinyang Wu , Bin Zhu , Xiandong Zou , Qiquan Zhang , Xu Fang , Pan Zhou

There has been a rise in the use of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) Vision APIs as they offer multiple services including pre-built models and algorithms, which otherwise take a huge amount of resources if built from scratch. As these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Jaydeep Borkar , Pin-Yu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs), characterized by being trained on broad amounts of data in a self-supervised manner, have shown impressive performance across a wide range of tasks. Indeed, their generative abilities have aroused interest on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jorge García-Carrasco , Alejandro Maté , Juan Trujillo

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in recent advancements, their susceptibility to jailbreak attacks has come to light. In such attacks, adversaries exploit carefully crafted prompts to coerce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ziyi Yin , Yuanpu Cao , Han Liu , Ting Wang , Jinghui Chen , Fenhlong Ma

This study aimed to evaluate the proficiency of prominent Large Language Models (LLMs), namely OpenAI's ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0, Google's Bard(LaMDA), and Microsoft's Bing AI in discerning the truthfulness of news items using black box testing.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Kevin Matthe Caramancion

Search engines are vulnerable to attacks against indexing and searching via text encoding manipulation. By imperceptibly perturbing text using uncommon encoded representations, adversaries can control results across search engines for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Nicholas Boucher , Luca Pajola , Ilia Shumailov , Ross Anderson , Mauro Conti

The increasing frequency and sophistication of cybersecurity vulnerabilities in software systems underscores the need for more robust and effective vulnerability assessment methods. However, existing approaches often rely on highly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Shivansh Chopra , Hussain Ahmad , Diksha Goel , Claudia Szabo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing tasks. Recently, several LLMs-based pipelines have been developed to enhance learning on graphs with text attributes,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Kai Guo , Zewen Liu , Zhikai Chen , Hongzhi Wen , Wei Jin , Jiliang Tang , Yi Chang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant promise in real-world decision-making tasks for embodied artificial intelligence, especially when fine-tuned to leverage their inherent common sense and reasoning abilities while being…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ruochen Jiao , Shaoyuan Xie , Justin Yue , Takami Sato , Lixu Wang , Yixuan Wang , Qi Alfred Chen , Qi Zhu

Multimodal machine learning models that combine visual and textual data are increasingly being deployed in critical applications, raising significant safety and security concerns due to their vulnerability to adversarial attacks. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Maisha Binte Rashid , Pablo Rivas

We propose a universal adversarial attack on multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs) that leverages a single optimized image to override alignment safeguards across diverse queries and even multiple models. By backpropagating through the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Temurbek Rahmatullaev , Polina Druzhinina , Nikita Kurdiukov , Matvey Mikhalchuk , Andrey Kuznetsov , Anton Razzhigaev