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Multi-Modal Language Models (MLLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence by combining visual and text data, making applications like image captioning, visual question answering, and multi-modal content creation possible. This ability to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Pete Janowczyk , Linda Laurier , Ave Giulietta , Arlo Octavia , Meade Cleti

We study typographic prompt injection attacks on vision-language models (VLMs), where adversarial text is rendered as images to bypass safety mechanisms, posing a growing threat as VLMs serve as the perceptual backbone of autonomous agents,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Ravikumar Balakrishnan , Sanket Mendapara , Ankit Garg

Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) integrate visual data processing, expanding their real-world applications, but also increasing the risk of generating unsafe responses. In response, leading companies have implemented Multi-Layered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yijun Yang , Lichao Wang , Xiao Yang , Lanqing Hong , Jun Zhu

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4o into robotic systems represents a significant advancement in embodied artificial intelligence. These models can process multi-modal prompts, enabling them to generate more…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Wenxiao Zhang , Xiangrui Kong , Conan Dewitt , Thomas Braunl , Jin B. Hong

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performance across diverse tasks by jointly reasoning over textual and visual inputs. Despite their success, these models remain highly vulnerable to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Guangzhi Su , Shuchang Huang , Yutong Ke , Zhuohang Liu , Long Qian , Kaizhu Huang

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) integrate visual information into large language models, showcasing remarkable multi-modal conversational capabilities. However, the visual modules introduces new challenges in terms of robustness for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yubo Wang , Chaohu Liu , Yanqiu Qu , Haoyu Cao , Deqiang Jiang , Linli Xu

The growing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into critical societal domains has raised concerns about embedded biases that can perpetuate stereotypes and undermine fairness. Such biases may stem from historical inequalities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Riccardo Cantini , Alessio Orsino , Massimo Ruggiero , Domenico Talia

Retrieval Augmented Language Models (RALMs) have gained significant attention for their ability to generate accurate answer and improve efficiency. However, RALMs are inherently vulnerable to imperfect information due to their reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Seong-Il Park , Jay-Yoon Lee

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) can be vulnerable to adversarial images that subtly bias their outputs toward plausible yet incorrect responses. We introduce a general, efficient, and training-free defense that combines image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Nadav Kadvil , Malak Fares , Ayellet Tal

Robust verbal confidence generated by large language models (LLMs) is crucial for the deployment of LLMs to help ensure transparency, trust, and safety in many applications, including those involving human-AI interactions. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Stephen Obadinma , Xiaodan Zhu

Deep learning-based adversarial malware detectors have yielded promising results in detecting never-before-seen malware executables without relying on expensive dynamic behavior analysis and sandbox. Despite their abilities, these detectors…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-28 James Lee Hu , Mohammadreza Ebrahimi , Weifeng Li , Xin Li , Hsinchun Chen

The security concerns surrounding Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively explored, yet the safety of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains understudied. In this paper, we observe that Multimodal Large Language Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Xin Liu , Yichen Zhu , Jindong Gu , Yunshi Lan , Chao Yang , Yu Qiao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have witnessed a surge in both research and real-world applications. However, as they are becoming increasingly prevalent, ensuring their robustness against adversarial attacks is paramount. This work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Rishika Bhagwatkar , Shravan Nayak , Reza Bayat , Alexis Roger , Daniel Z Kaplan , Pouya Bashivan , Irina Rish

This study evaluates the resilience of large language models (LLMs) against adversarial attacks, specifically focusing on Flan-T5, BERT, and RoBERTa-Base. Using systematically designed adversarial tests through TextFooler and BERTAttack, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Taniya Gidatkar , Oluwaseun Ajao , Matthew Shardlow

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly susceptible to sophisticated adversarial attacks, including adaptive strategies specifically designed to bypass existing defenses. To address this vulnerability, we propose MirrorCheck, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Samar Fares , Klea Ziu , Toluwani Aremu , Nikita Durasov , Martin Takáč , Pascal Fua , Ivan Laptev , Karthik Nandakumar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), significantly enhancing their capabilities by integrating visual information and other types, thus aligning more closely with the nature of human…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Youze Wang , Wenbo Hu , Yinpeng Dong , Jing Liu , Hanwang Zhang , Richang Hong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being developed and applied, but their widespread use faces challenges. These include aligning LLMs' responses with human values to prevent harmful outputs, which is addressed through safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Bibek Upadhayay , Vahid Behzadan

The increasing reliance on Large Language Models (LLMs) across academia and industry necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their robustness to prompts. In response to this vital need, we introduce PromptRobust, a robustness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Kaijie Zhu , Jindong Wang , Jiaheng Zhou , Zichen Wang , Hao Chen , Yidong Wang , Linyi Yang , Wei Ye , Yue Zhang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Xing Xie

As language models (LMs) are used to build autonomous agents in real environments, ensuring their adversarial robustness becomes a critical challenge. Unlike chatbots, agents are compound systems with multiple components taking actions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Chen Henry Wu , Rishi Shah , Jing Yu Koh , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Daniel Fried , Aditi Raghunathan

Large Language Model (LLM) safety guardrail models have emerged as a primary defense mechanism against harmful content generation, yet their robustness against sophisticated adversarial attacks remains poorly characterized. This study…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Richard J. Young
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