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We present a framework to interpret signal temporal logic (STL) formulas over discrete-time stochastic processes in terms of the induced risk. Each realization of a stochastic process either satisfies or violates an STL formula. In fact, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-08 Lars Lindemann , Nikolai Matni , George J. Pappas

We introduce a metric that can quantify the temporal relaxation of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications and facilitate resilient control synthesis in the face of infeasibilities. The proposed metric quantifies a cumulative notion of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-13 Ali Tevfik Buyukkocak , Derya Aksaray

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is widely used to specify timed and safety-critical tasks for cyber-physical systems, but writing STL formulas directly is difficult for non-expert users. Natural language (NL) provides a convenient interface,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Kosei Fushimi , Kazunobu Serizawa , Junya Ikemoto , Kazumune Hashimoto

Control synthesis from temporal logic specifications has gained popularity in recent years. In this paper, we use a model predictive approach to control discrete time linear systems with additive bounded disturbances subject to constraints…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-05-24 Sadra Sadraddini , Calin Belta

We present GradSTL, the first fully comprehensive implementation of signal temporal logic (STL) suitable for integration with neurosymbolic learning. In particular, GradSTL can successfully evaluate any STL constraint over any signal,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Mark Chevallier , Filip Smola , Richard Schmoetten , Jacques D. Fleuriot

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formal language for describing a broad range of real-valued, temporal properties in cyber-physical systems. While there has been extensive research on verification and control synthesis from STL…

Autonomous agents often operate in uncertain environments where their decisions are made based on beliefs over states of targets. We are interested in controller synthesis for complex tasks defined over belief spaces. Designing such…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-10-30 Chanyeol Yoo , Calin Belta

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) provides a powerful framework to describe complex tasks involving temporal and logical behavior in dynamical systems. This work addresses controller synthesis for continuous-time systems subject to STL…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Vaishnavi Jagabathula , Pushpak Jagtap

We present a framework to synthesize control policies for nonlinear dynamical systems from complex temporal constraints specified in a rich temporal logic called Signal Temporal Logic (STL). We propose a novel smooth and differentiable STL…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-04-29 Iman Haghighi , Noushin Mehdipour , Ezio Bartocci , Calin Belta

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) inference seeks to extract human-interpretable rules from time-series data, but existing methods lack formal confidence guarantees for the inferred rules. Conformal prediction (CP) is a technique that can provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Danyang Li , Yixuan Wang , Matthew Cleaveland , Mingyu Cai , Roberto Tron

We propose a new robustness score for continuous-time Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications. Instead of considering only the most severe point along the evolution of the signal, we use average scores to extract more information from…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Noushin Mehdipour , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Calin Belta

Many Cyber Physical System (CPS) work in a safety-critical environment, where correct execution, reliability and trustworthiness are essential. Signal Temporal Logic (STL) provides a formal framework for checking safety-critical CPS.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Partha Roop , Sobhan Chatterjee , Avinash Malik , Nathan Allen , Logan Kenwright

The integration of cyber-physical systems (CPS) into everyday life raises the critical necessity of ensuring their safety and reliability. An important step in this direction is requirement mining, i.e. inferring formally specified system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Gaia Saveri , Luca Bortolussi

Temporal stream logic (TSL) extends LTL with updates and predicates over arbitrary function terms. This allows for specifying data-intensive systems for which LTL is not expressive enough. In the semantics of TSL, functions and predicates…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Bernd Finkbeiner , Philippe Heim , Noemi Passing

This paper presents a technique, named STLCG, to compute the quantitative semantics of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) formulas using computation graphs. STLCG provides a platform which enables the incorporation of logical specifications into…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-28 Karen Leung , Nikos Aréchiga , Marco Pavone

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formal language over continuous-time signals (such as trajectories of a multi-agent system) that allows for the specification of complex spatial and temporal system requirements (such as staying sufficiently…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Joris Verhagen , Lars Lindemann , Jana Tumova

A framework is presented for the verification of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications over continuous-time nonlinear systems under uncertainty. Based on reachability analysis, the proposed method addresses indeterminate satisfaction…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Antoine Besset , Joris Tillet , Julien Alexandre dit Sandretto

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) offers a concise yet expressive framework for specifying and reasoning about spatio-temporal behaviors of robotic systems. Attractively, STL admits the notion of robustness, the degree to which an input signal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Parv Kapoor , Kazuki Mizuta , Eunsuk Kang , Karen Leung

Signal Temporal Logic (STL), has recently seen extensive development, owing to its rich expressivenes for autonomous planning and control. Nevertheless, existing verification and control synthesis methods are limited with respect to the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Panagiotis Rousseas , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

Real-time and human-interpretable decision-making in cyber-physical systems is a significant but challenging task, which usually requires predictions of possible future events from limited data. In this paper, we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Erfan Aasi , Mingyu Cai , Cristian Ioan Vasile , Calin Belta