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Real-world robotic systems must comply with safety requirements in the presence of uncertainty. To define and measure requirement adherence, Signal Temporal Logic (STL) offers a mathematically rigorous and expressive language. However,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Elizabeth Dietrich , Hanna Krasowski , Emir Cem Gezer , Roger Skjetne , Asgeir Johan Sørensen , Murat Arcak

This paper studies the online control synthesis problem for uncertain discrete-time systems subject to signal temporal logic (STL) specifications. Different from existing techniques, this work proposes an approach based on STL, reachability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Pian Yu , Yulong Gao , Frank J. Jiang , Karl H. Johansson , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

This paper investigates the problem of designing control policies that satisfy high-level specifications described by signal temporal logic (STL) in unknown, stochastic environments. While many existing works concentrate on optimizing the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-16 Siqi Wang , Shaoyuan Li , Li Yin , Xiang Yin

We propose a signal temporal logic (STL)-based framework that rigorously verifies the feasibility of a mission described in STL and synthesizes control to safely execute it. The proposed framework ensures safe and reliable operation through…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-27 Joonwon Choi , Kartik Anand Pant , Youngim Nam , Henry Hellmann , Karthik Nune , Inseok Hwang

We propose a new specification language and control synthesis technique for single and multi-robot high-level tasks; these tasks include timing constraints and reaction to environmental events. Specifically, we define Event-based Signal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-01 David Gundana , Hadas Kress-Gazit

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a powerful formal language for specifying real-time specifications of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Transforming specifications written in natural language into STL formulas automatically has attracted…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Yue Fang , Jin Zhi , Jie An , Hongshen Chen , Xiaohong Chen , Naijun Zhan

Symbolic control problems aim to synthesize control policies for dynamical systems under complex temporal specifications. For such problems, Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is increasingly used as the formal specification language due to its…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-17 Shirantha Welikala , Hai Lin , Panos J. Antsaklis

The deployment of autonomous systems in uncertain and dynamic environments has raised fundamental questions. Addressing these is pivotal to build fully autonomous systems and requires a systematic integration of planning and control. We…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-08 Lars Lindemann , George J. Pappas , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise in various robotics applications, yet its deployment on real systems is still limited due to safety and operational constraints. The safe RL field has gained considerable attention in recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Sadık Bera Yüksel , Ali Tevfik Buyukkocak , Derya Aksaray

Formal methods provide very powerful tools and techniques for the design and analysis of complex systems. Their practical application remains however limited, due to the widely accepted belief that formal methods require extensive expertise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Jie He , Ezio Bartocci , Dejan Ničković , Haris Isakovic , Radu Grosu

In this work, we develop an approach to anomaly detection and prevention problem using Signal Temporal Logic (STL). This approach consists of two steps: detection of the causes of the anomalities as STL formulas and prevention of the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Irmak Saglam , Ebru Aydin Gol

We present mstlo (mistletoe), a Rust library for high-performance online monitoring of signal temporal logic (STL), with Python bindings. The library provides: (i) a unified interface for multiple STL semantics, including Robust…

We present a new average-based robustness score for Signal Temporal Logic (STL) and a framework for optimal control of a dynamical system under STL constraints. By averaging the scores of different specifications or subformulae at different…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Noushin Mehdipour , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Calin Belta

In many applications, the integrals and derivatives of signals carry valuable information (e.g., cumulative success over a time window, the rate of change) regarding the behavior of the underlying system. In this paper, we extend the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-29 Ali Tevfik Buyukkocak , Derya Aksaray , Yasin Yazıcıoğlu

Temporal Logic (TL), especially Signal Temporal Logic (STL), enables precise formal specification, making it widely used in cyber-physical systems such as autonomous driving and robotics. Automatically transforming NL into STL is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yue Fang , Zhi Jin , Jie An , Hongshen Chen , Xiaohong Chen , Naijun Zhan

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on long-form, multi-step reasoning to solve complex tasks such as mathematical problem solving and scientific question answering. Despite strong performance, existing confidence estimation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhenjiang Mao , Anirudhh Venkat , Artem Bisliouk , Akshat Kothiyal , Sindhura Kumbakonam Subramanian , Saithej Singhu , Ivan Ruchkin

Time-series data can represent the behaviors of autonomous systems, such as drones and self-driving cars. The task of binary and multi-class classification for time-series data has become a prominent area of research. Neural networks…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-26 Danyang Li , Roberto Tron

We present SaSTL -- a novel Spatial Aggregation Signal Temporal Logic -- for the efficient runtime monitoring of safety and performance requirements in smart cities. We first describe a study of over 1,000 smart city requirements, some of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Meiyi Ma , Ezio Bartocci , Eli Lifland , John Stankovic , Lu Feng

The wide availability of data coupled with the computational advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning promise to enable many future technologies such as autonomous driving. While there has been a variety of successful…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-11 Lars Lindemann , Lejun Jiang , Nikolai Matni , George J. Pappas

Although it is widely accepted that every system should be robust, in the sense that "small" violations of environment assumptions should lead to "small" violations of system guarantees, it is less clear how to make this intuitive notion of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-11-02 Paulo Tabuada , Daniel Neider