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Related papers: Bias and Fairness in Chatbots: An Overview

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In recent times, the grandeur of Large Language Models (LLMs) has not only shone in the realm of natural language processing but has also cast its brilliance across a vast array of applications. This remarkable display of LLM capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Hanieh Alipour , Nick Pendar , Kohinoor Roy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revo lutionized natural language processing Natural Language Processing (NLP), with Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) standing out as a notable exampledue to its advanced capabilities and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Azim Akhtarshenas , Afshin Dini , Navid Ayoobi

Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Machine Learning (ML) and Large Language Models (LLMs), is widely applied across various contexts. However, the corresponding models often operate as black boxes, leading them to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Chaima Boufaied , Thanh Nguyen , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Dialogue systems, commonly known as chatbots, have gained escalating popularity in recent times due to their wide-spread applications in carrying out chit-chat conversations with users and task-oriented dialogues to accomplish various user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Sahisnu Mazumder , Bing Liu

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) in diverse applications requires a thorough understanding of their decision-making strategies and behavioral patterns. As a supplement to a recent study on the behavioral Turing test, this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yutong Xie , Yiyao Liu , Zhuang Ma , Lin Shi , Xiyuan Wang , Walter Yuan , Matthew O. Jackson , Qiaozhu Mei

Large language models, e.g. ChatGPT are currently contributing enormously to make artificial intelligence even more popular, especially among the general population. However, such chatbot models were developed as tools to support natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Jianlong Zhou , Heimo Müller , Andreas Holzinger , Fang Chen

This paper presents a comprehensive and practical guide for practitioners and end-users working with Large Language Models (LLMs) in their downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks. We provide discussions and insights into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Jingfeng Yang , Hongye Jin , Ruixiang Tang , Xiaotian Han , Qizhang Feng , Haoming Jiang , Bing Yin , Xia Hu

Chatbots have shown promise as tools to scale qualitative data collection. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) could accelerate this process by allowing researchers to easily deploy sophisticated interviewing chatbots. We test…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Alejandro Cuevas , Jennifer V. Scurrell , Eva M. Brown , Jason Entenmann , Madeleine I. G. Daepp

The introduction of ChatGPT and the subsequent improvement of Large Language Models (LLMs) have prompted more and more individuals to turn to the use of ChatBots, both for information and assistance with decision-making. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Vahid Ghafouri , Vibhor Agarwal , Yong Zhang , Nishanth Sastry , Jose Such , Guillermo Suarez-Tangil

In the rapidly evolving landscape of education, digital technologies have repeatedly disrupted traditional pedagogical methods. This paper explores the latest of these disruptions: the potential integration of large language models (LLMs)…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Mahyar Abedi , Ibrahem Alshybani , Muhammad Rubayat Bin Shahadat , Michael S. Murillo

AI chatbots have made vast strides in technology improvement in recent years and are already operational in many industries. Advanced Natural Language Processing techniques, based on deep networks, efficiently process user requests to carry…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Nathan Dolbir , Triyasha Dastidar , Kaushik Roy

This article explores the phenomenon of confirmation bias in generative AI chatbots, a relatively underexamined aspect of AI-human interaction. Drawing on cognitive psychology and computational linguistics, it examines how confirmation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yiran Du

The rapid convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) toward conversational chatbot interfaces marks a critical moment for the industry. This paper argues that the chatbot paradigm is not a neutral interface choice, but a dominant…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Sourojit Ghosh , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Sanjana Gautam , Avijit Ghosh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in Natural Language Processing but remain vulnerable to fairness-related issues, often reflecting biases inherent in their training data. These biases pose risks, particularly when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Harishwar Reddy , Madhusudan Srinivasan , Upulee Kanewala

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) and their growing integration into daily life underscore the importance of evaluating and ensuring their fairness. In this work, we examine fairness within the domain of emotional theory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Maureen Herbert , Katie Sun , Angelica Lim , Yasaman Etesam

Large Language Models (LLMs) push the bound-aries in natural language processing and generative AI, driving progress across various aspects of modern society. Unfortunately, the pervasive issue of bias in LLMs responses (i.e., predictions)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Isabela Pereira Gregio , Ian Pons , Anna Helena Reali Costa , Artur Jordão

Chatbots are popular machine partners for task-oriented and social interactions. Human-human computer-mediated communication research has explored how people express their gender and sexuality in online social interactions, but little is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Justin Edwards , Leigh Clark , Allison Perrone

This paper introduces ChatbotManip, a novel dataset for studying manipulation in Chatbots. It contains simulated generated conversations between a chatbot and a (simulated) user, where the chatbot is explicitly asked to showcase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jack Contro , Simrat Deol , Yulan He , Martim Brandão

Recent research has shown that hallucinations, omissions, and biases are prevalent in everyday use-cases of LLMs. However, chatbots used in medical contexts must provide consistent advice in situations where non-medical factors are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jonathan Liu , Haoling Qiu , Jonathan Lasko , Damianos Karakos , Mahsa Yarmohammadi , Mark Dredze

There have been rapid advancements in the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in recent years, greatly revolutionizing the field of natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI) to understand and interact with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Zeyneb N. Kaya , Souvick Ghosh