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In this paper, we introduce MeDiaQA, a novel question answering(QA) dataset, which constructed on real online Medical Dialogues. It contains 22k multiple-choice questions annotated by human for over 11k dialogues with 120k utterances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Huqun Suri , Qi Zhang , Wenhua Huo , Yan Liu , Chunsheng Guan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, but the quality bar for medical and clinical applications is high. Today, attempts to assess models' clinical knowledge…

How retrieved documents are used in language models (LMs) for long-form generation task is understudied. We present two controlled studies on retrieval-augmented LM for long-form question answering (LFQA): one fixing the LM and varying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hung-Ting Chen , Fangyuan Xu , Shane Arora , Eunsol Choi

Question answering (QA) has become an important application in the advanced development of large language models. General pre-trained large language models for question-answering are not trained to properly understand the knowledge or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Sanat Sharma , David Seunghyun Yoon , Franck Dernoncourt , Dewang Sultania , Karishma Bagga , Mengjiao Zhang , Trung Bui , Varun Kotte

Open-domain generative systems have gained significant attention in the field of conversational AI (e.g., generative search engines). This paper presents a comprehensive review of the attribution mechanisms employed by these systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Dongfang Li , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Zhenyu Liu , Ziyang Chen , Baotian Hu , Aiguo Wu , Min Zhang

Retrieval question answering (ReQA) is the task of retrieving a sentence-level answer to a question from an open corpus (Ahmad et al.,2019).This paper presents MultiReQA, anew multi-domain ReQA evaluation suite com-posed of eight retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Mandy Guo , Yinfei Yang , Daniel Cer , Qinlan Shen , Noah Constant

The ability to understand a user's underlying needs is critical for conversational systems, especially with limited input from users in a conversation. Thus, in such a domain, Asking Clarification Questions (ACQs) to reveal users' true…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Hossein A. Rahmani , Xi Wang , Yue Feng , Qiang Zhang , Emine Yilmaz , Aldo Lipani

This study focuses on the evaluation of the Open Question Answering (Open-QA) task, which can directly estimate the factuality of large language models (LLMs). Current automatic evaluation methods have shown limitations, indicating that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Cunxiang Wang , Sirui Cheng , Qipeng Guo , Yuanhao Yue , Bowen Ding , Zhikun Xu , Yidong Wang , Xiangkun Hu , Zheng Zhang , Yue Zhang

Existing question answering (QA) datasets derived from electronic health records (EHR) are artificially generated and consequently fail to capture realistic physician information needs. We present Discharge Summary Clinical Questions…

Open-domain question answering (Open-QA) is a common task for evaluating large language models (LLMs). However, current Open-QA evaluations are criticized for the ambiguity in questions and the lack of semantic understanding in evaluators.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Peiran Yao , Denilson Barbosa

Medical multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) is particularly difficult. Questions may describe patient symptoms and ask for the correct diagnosis, which requires domain knowledge and complex reasoning. Standard language modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Damien Sileo , Kanimozhi Uma , Marie-Francine Moens

Despite the increasing effectiveness of language models, their reasoning capabilities remain underdeveloped. In particular, causal reasoning through counterfactual question answering is lacking. This work aims to bridge this gap. We first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Alihan Hüyük , Xinnuo Xu , Jacqueline Maasch , Aditya V. Nori , Javier González

Large language models (LLMs) are approaching expert-level performance in medical question answering (QA), demonstrating strong potential to improve public healthcare. However, underlying biases related to sensitive attributes such as sex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ying Xiao , Jie Huang , Ruijuan He , Jing Xiao , Mohammad Reza Mousavi , Yepang Liu , Kezhi Li , Zhenpeng Chen , Jie M. Zhang

Community Question Answering (CQA) fora such as Stack Overflow and Yahoo! Answers contain a rich resource of answers to a wide range of community-based questions. Each question thread can receive a large number of answers with different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Alexander R. Fabbri , Xiaojian Wu , Srini Iyer , Haoran Li , Mona Diab

Recent advances in tabular question answering (QA) with large language models are constrained in their coverage and only answer questions over a single table. However, real-world queries are complex in nature, often over multiple tables in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Vaishali Pal , Andrew Yates , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke

We propose Iterative Facuality Refining on Informative Scientific Question-Answering (ISQA) feedback\footnote{Code is available at \url{https://github.com/lizekai-richard/isqa}}, a method following human learning theories that employs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Zekai Li , Yanxia Qin , Qian Liu , Min-Yen Kan

Answers to the same question may change depending on the extra-linguistic contexts (when and where the question was asked). To study this challenge, we introduce SituatedQA, an open-retrieval QA dataset where systems must produce the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Michael J. Q. Zhang , Eunsol Choi

Question Answering (QA) has shown great success thanks to the availability of large-scale datasets and the effectiveness of neural models. Recent research works have attempted to extend these successes to the settings with few or no labeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Zhongli Li , Wenhui Wang , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Ke Xu

Personalization is essential for question answering systems that are user-centric. Despite its importance, personalization in answer generation has been relatively underexplored. This is mainly due to lack of resources for training and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Alireza Salemi , Hamed Zamani

We introduce KoLasSimpleQA, the first benchmark evaluating the multilingual factual ability of Large Language Models (LLMs). Inspired by existing research, we created the question set with features such as single knowledge point coverage,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Bowen Jiang , Runchuan Zhu , Jiang Wu , Zinco Jiang , Yifan He , Junyuan Gao , Jia Yu , Rui Min , Yinfan Wang , Haote Yang , Songyang Zhang , Dahua Lin , Lijun Wu , Conghui He