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Time plays a critical role in how information is generated, retrieved, and interpreted. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of Temporal Question Answering (TQA), a research area that focuses on answering questions involving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bhawna Piryani , Abdelrahman Abdallah , Jamshid Mozafari , Avishek Anand , Adam Jatowt

Computational models of argument quality (AQ) have focused primarily on assessing the overall quality or just one specific characteristic of an argument, such as its convincingness or its clarity. However, previous work has claimed that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Lily Ng , Anne Lauscher , Joel Tetreault , Courtney Napoles

One of the challenges in large-scale information retrieval (IR) is to develop fine-grained and domain-specific methods to answer natural language questions. Despite the availability of numerous sources and datasets for answer retrieval,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Asma Ben Abacha , Dina Demner-Fushman

Retriever-augmented instruction-following models are attractive alternatives to fine-tuned approaches for information-seeking tasks such as question answering (QA). By simply prepending retrieved documents in its input along with an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Vaibhav Adlakha , Parishad BehnamGhader , Xing Han Lu , Nicholas Meade , Siva Reddy

Clinical question answering (QA) aims to automatically answer questions from medical professionals based on clinical texts. Studies show that neural QA models trained on one corpus may not generalize well to new clinical texts from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Xiang Yue , Xinliang Frederick Zhang , Ziyu Yao , Simon Lin , Huan Sun

Existing question answering (QA) datasets fail to train QA systems to perform complex reasoning and provide explanations for answers. We introduce HotpotQA, a new dataset with 113k Wikipedia-based question-answer pairs with four key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Zhilin Yang , Peng Qi , Saizheng Zhang , Yoshua Bengio , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Christopher D. Manning

Long-form factuality evaluation assesses the ability of models to generate accurate, comprehensive responses to short prompts. Existing benchmarks often lack human verification, leading to potential quality issues. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Mingda Chen , Yang Li , Xilun Chen , Adina Williams , Gargi Ghosh , Scott Yih

Large language models (LLMs) often generate content that contains factual errors when responding to fact-seeking prompts on open-ended topics. To benchmark a model's long-form factuality in open domains, we first use GPT-4 to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jerry Wei , Chengrun Yang , Xinying Song , Yifeng Lu , Nathan Hu , Jie Huang , Dustin Tran , Daiyi Peng , Ruibo Liu , Da Huang , Cosmo Du , Quoc V. Le

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in addressing complex medical problems. However, while most prior studies focus on improving accuracy and reasoning abilities, a significant bottleneck in developing effective healthcare agents lies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Weikang Qiu , Tinglin Huang , Ryan Rullo , Yucheng Kuang , Ali Maatouk , S. Raquel Ramos , Rex Ying

We present FoQA, a Faroese extractive question-answering (QA) dataset with 2,000 samples, created using a semi-automated approach combining Large Language Models (LLMs) and human validation. The dataset was generated from Faroese Wikipedia…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Annika Simonsen , Dan Saattrup Nielsen , Hafsteinn Einarsson

In the context of investigative journalism, we address the problem of automatically identifying which claims in a given document are most worthy and should be prioritized for fact-checking. Despite its importance, this is a relatively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Pepa Gencheva , Ivan Koychev , Lluís Màrquez , Alberto Barrón-Cedeño , Preslav Nakov

Long-form question answering systems provide rich information by presenting paragraph-level answers, often containing optional background or auxiliary information. While such comprehensive answers are helpful, not all information is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Abhilash Potluri , Fangyuan Xu , Eunsol Choi

Despite significant progress in Visual Question Answering over the years, robustness of today's VQA models leave much to be desired. We introduce a new evaluation protocol and associated dataset (VQA-Rephrasings) and show that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Meet Shah , Xinlei Chen , Marcus Rohrbach , Devi Parikh

Existing language model evaluations primarily measure general capabilities, yet reliable use of these models across a range of domains demands factual accuracy and recognition of knowledge gaps. We introduce AA-Omniscience, a benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Declan Jackson , William Keating , George Cameron , Micah Hill-Smith

Long-form question answering (LFQA) aims to generate a paragraph-length answer for a given question. While current work on LFQA using large pre-trained model for generation are effective at producing fluent and somewhat relevant content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Dan Su , Xiaoguang Li , Jindi Zhang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Pascale Fung

Open-domain question answering (QA) is known to involve several underlying knowledge and reasoning challenges, but are models actually learning such knowledge when trained on benchmark tasks? To investigate this, we introduce several new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Kyle Richardson , Ashish Sabharwal

Automatic Question Answering (QA) has been successfully applied in various domains such as search engines and chatbots. Biomedical QA (BQA), as an emerging QA task, enables innovative applications to effectively perceive, access and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Qiao Jin , Zheng Yuan , Guangzhi Xiong , Qianlan Yu , Huaiyuan Ying , Chuanqi Tan , Mosha Chen , Songfang Huang , Xiaozhong Liu , Sheng Yu

Explainable question answering systems predict an answer together with an explanation showing why the answer has been selected. The goal is to enable users to assess the correctness of the system and understand its reasoning process.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Hendrik Schuff , Heike Adel , Ngoc Thang Vu

Question-answering for domain-specific applications has recently attracted much interest due to the latest advancements in large language models (LLMs). However, accurately assessing the performance of these applications remains a…

Accessing and comprehending religious texts, particularly the Quran (the sacred scripture of Islam) and Ahadith (the corpus of the sayings or traditions of the Prophet Muhammad), in today's digital era necessitates efficient and accurate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Faiza Qamar , Seemab Latif , Rabia Latif