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Recent text-to-image diffusion models have shown surprising performance in generating high-quality images. However, concerns have arisen regarding the unauthorized data usage during the training or fine-tuning process. One example is when a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Zhenting Wang , Chen Chen , Lingjuan Lyu , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Shiqing Ma

Text-to-image (T2I) models have significantly advanced in producing high-quality images. However, such models have the ability to generate images containing not-safe-for-work (NSFW) content, such as pornography, violence, political content,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Longtian Wang , Xiaofei Xie , Tianlin Li , Yuhan Zhi , Chao Shen

The popularization of Text-to-Image (T2I) diffusion models enables the generation of high-quality images from text descriptions. However, generating diverse customized images with reference visual attributes remains challenging. This work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Brian Nlong Zhao , Yuhang Xiao , Jiashu Xu , Xinyang Jiang , Yifan Yang , Dongsheng Li , Laurent Itti , Vibhav Vineet , Yunhao Ge

Larger language models (LLMs) have taken the world by storm with their massive multi-tasking capabilities simply by optimizing over a next-word prediction objective. With the emergence of their properties and encoded knowledge, the risk of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Rishabh Bhardwaj , Soujanya Poria

Text-to-image (T2I) models have become prevalent across numerous applications, making their robust evaluation against adversarial attacks a critical priority. Continuous access to new and challenging adversarial prompts across diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Jessica Quaye , Charvi Rastogi , Alicia Parrish , Oana Inel , Minsuk Kahng , Lora Aroyo , Vijay Janapa Reddi

Generative diffusion models, including Stable Diffusion and Midjourney, can generate visually appealing, diverse, and high-resolution images for various applications. These models are trained on billions of internet-sourced images, raising…

Despite their remarkable image generation capabilities, text-to-image diffusion models inadvertently learn inappropriate concepts from vast and unfiltered training data, which leads to various ethical and business risks. Specifically,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Die Chen , Zhiwen Li , Mingyuan Fan , Cen Chen , Wenmeng Zhou , Yanhao Wang , Yaliang Li

Recent text-to-image (T2I) diffusion and flow-matching models can produce highly realistic images from natural language prompts. In practical scenarios, T2I systems are often run in a ``generate--then--select'' mode: many seeds are sampled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Huanlei Guo , Hongxin Wei , Bingyi Jing

Recent breakthroughs in diffusion models have exhibited exceptional image-generation capabilities. However, studies show that some outputs are merely replications of training data. Such replications present potential legal challenges for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Yuxin Wen , Yuchen Liu , Chen Chen , Lingjuan Lyu

Recent advances in diffusion models have driven remarkable progress in image generation. However, the generation process remains computationally intensive, and users often need to iteratively refine prompts to achieve the desired results,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yi Wei , Shunpu Tang , Liang Zhao , Qiangian Yang

Diffusion models have become a central paradigm for image and multimodal generation, yet their deployment raises persistent questions about alignment, safety, preference satisfaction, and robustness to misuse. This survey reviews recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Preeti Lamba , Kiran Ravish , Ankita Kushwaha , Pawan Kumar

Text-to-image generative models are widely deployed in creative tools and online platforms. To mitigate misuse, these systems rely on safety filters and moderation pipelines that aim to block harmful or policy violating content. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Ahmed B Mustafa , Zihan Ye , Yang Lu , Michael P Pound , Shreyank N Gowda

Recently, text-to-image diffusion models become a new paradigm in image processing fields, including content generation, image restoration and image-to-image translation. Given a target prompt, Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yupei Lin , Xiaoyu Xian , Yukai Shi , Liang Lin

Safety filters in commercial text-to-image (T2I) models systematically block legitimate artistic content involving the human figure, treating classical nude photography with the same restrictiveness as explicit material. While prior…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Luca Cazzaniga

Recently, various types of Text-to-Image (T2I) models have emerged (such as DALL-E and Stable Diffusion), and showing their advantages in different aspects. Therefore, some third-party service platforms collect different model interfaces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Ji Guo , Wenbo Jiang , Rui Zhang , Guoming Lu , Hongwei Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly used in real world applications, yet their safety under adversarial conditions remains underexplored. This study evaluates the harmlessness of four leading MLLMs (GPT-4o, Claude…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Madison Van Doren , Casey Ford

Recent text-to-image models have achieved impressive results in generating high-quality images. However, when tasked with multi-concept generation creating images that contain multiple characters or objects, existing methods often suffer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yang Zhang , Rui Zhang , Xuecheng Nie , Haochen Li , Jikun Chen , Yifan Hao , Xin Zhang , Luoqi Liu , Ling Li

There is growing concern over the safety of powerful diffusion models (DMs), as they are often misused to produce inappropriate, not-safe-for-work (NSFW) content or generate copyrighted material or data of individuals who wish to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mingyu Kim , Dongjun Kim , Amman Yusuf , Stefano Ermon , Mijung Park

Text-conditioned image generation models have recently shown immense qualitative success using denoising diffusion processes. However, unlike discriminative vision-and-language models, it is a non-trivial task to subject these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Benno Krojer , Elinor Poole-Dayan , Vikram Voleti , Christopher Pal , Siva Reddy

Instruction-guided generative models, especially those using text-to-image (T2I) and text-to-video (T2V) diffusion frameworks, have advanced the field of content editing in recent years. To extend these capabilities to 4D scene, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Hasan Iqbal , Nazmul Karim , Umar Khalid , Azib Farooq , Zichun Zhong , Chen Chen , Jing Hua