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There has been an increasing interest in the alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values. However, the safety issues of their integration with a vision module, or vision language models (VLMs), remain relatively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xijia Tao , Shuai Zhong , Lei Li , Qi Liu , Lingpeng Kong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), significantly enhancing their capabilities by integrating visual information and other types, thus aligning more closely with the nature of human…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Youze Wang , Wenbo Hu , Yinpeng Dong , Jing Liu , Hanwang Zhang , Richang Hong

The integration of new modalities into frontier AI systems offers exciting capabilities, but also increases the possibility such systems can be adversarially manipulated in undesirable ways. In this work, we focus on a popular class of…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on a variety of tasks, yet they remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that compromise safety and reliability. In this paper, we provide an information-theoretic framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ching-Chia Kao , Chia-Mu Yu , Chun-Shien Lu , Chu-Song Chen

The emergence of vision-language-action models (VLAs) for end-to-end control is reshaping the field of robotics by enabling the fusion of multimodal sensory inputs at the billion-parameter scale. The capabilities of VLAs stem primarily from…

We introduce the Adversarial Confusion Attack, a new class of threats against multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Unlike jailbreaks or targeted misclassification, the goal is to induce systematic disruption that makes the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jakub Hoscilowicz , Artur Janicki

Vision-language models (VLMs) have made significant progress in recent visual-question-answering (VQA) benchmarks that evaluate complex visio-linguistic reasoning. However, are these models truly effective? In this work, we show that VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Baiqi Li , Zhiqiu Lin , Wenxuan Peng , Jean de Dieu Nyandwi , Daniel Jiang , Zixian Ma , Simran Khanuja , Ranjay Krishna , Graham Neubig , Deva Ramanan

Benefiting from the powerful capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), pre-trained visual encoder models connected to an LLMs can realize Vision Language Models (VLMs). However, existing research shows that the visual modality of VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zhendong Liu , Yuanbi Nie , Yingshui Tan , Xiangyu Yue , Qiushi Cui , Chongjun Wang , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

The integration of additional modalities increases the susceptibility of large vision-language models (LVLMs) to safety risks, such as jailbreak attacks, compared to their language-only counterparts. While existing research primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yilei Jiang , Xinyan Gao , Tianshuo Peng , Yingshui Tan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng , Xiangyu Yue

Large Language Models (LLMs), including GPT-3.5, LLaMA, and PaLM, seem to be knowledgeable and able to adapt to many tasks. However, we still cannot completely trust their answers, since LLMs suffer from \textbf{hallucination}\textemdash…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Jia-Yu Yao , Kun-Peng Ning , Zhen-Hui Liu , Mu-Nan Ning , Yu-Yang Liu , Li Yuan

Machine learning (ML), driven by prominent paradigms such as centralized and federated learning, has made significant progress in various critical applications ranging from autonomous driving to face recognition. However, its remarkable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Zheng Li , Siyuan Wu , Ruichuan Chen , Paarijaat Aditya , Istemi Ekin Akkus , Manohar Vanga , Min Zhang , Hao Li , Yang Zhang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), with their strong reasoning and planning capabilities, are widely used in embodied decision-making (EDM) tasks in embodied agents, such as autonomous driving and robotic manipulation. Recent research has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yichen Wang , Hangtao Zhang , Hewen Pan , Ziqi Zhou , Xianlong Wang , Peijin Guo , Lulu Xue , Shengshan Hu , Minghui Li , Leo Yu Zhang

Prompt-based learning is a new language model training paradigm that adapts the Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) to downstream tasks, which revitalizes the performance benchmarks across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Yue Xu , Wenjie Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable powerful cross-modal reasoning capabilities. However, the expanded input space introduces new attack surfaces. Previous jailbreak attacks often inject malicious instructions from text into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Zhaoxin Wang , Handing Wang , Cong Tian , Yaochu Jin

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used as perceptual modules for visual content reasoning, including through captioning and DeepFake detection. In this work, we expose a critical vulnerability of VLMs when exposed to subtle,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Yansong Gao , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

Machine learning has progressed significantly in various applications ranging from face recognition to text generation. However, its success has been accompanied by different attacks. Recently a new attack has been proposed which raises…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Wai Man Si , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang , Ahmed Salem

The research builds and evaluates the adversarial potential to introduce copied code or hallucinated AI recommendations for malicious code in popular code repositories. While foundational large language models (LLMs) from OpenAI, Google,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 David Noever , Forrest McKee

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in consumer applications where users seek recommendations about products, dining, and services. We introduce Hidden Ads, a new class of backdoor attacks that exploit this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Duanyi Yao , Changyue Li , Zhicong Huang , Cheng Hong , Songze Li

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have revolutionized computer vision, enabling tasks such as image classification, captioning, and visual question answering. However, they remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks, particularly in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Atharv Mittal , Agam Pandey , Amritanshu Tiwari , Sukrit Jindal , Swadesh Swain

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated their incredible capability in image understanding and response generation. However, this rich visual interaction also makes LVLMs vulnerable to adversarial examples. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Xunguang Wang , Zhenlan Ji , Pingchuan Ma , Zongjie Li , Shuai Wang
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