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A sudden steepening of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum (the knee) is observed at an energy of about 3 PeV (1 PeV = $10^{15}$ eV). The experimental study of the PeV cosmic rays has intensified greatly during the last 3 years. The recent…
Chronic diseases such as diabetes are quite prevalent in the world and are responsible for a significant number of deaths per year. In addition, treatments for such chronic diseases account for a high healthcare cost. However, research has…
Mechanical force is tightly connected to human health status, and the occurrence of disease can generally be ascribed to certain loss of force balance. However, the role of mechanical approaches in tumor therapy is largely neglected, while…
Intraperitoneal and catheter exit site infections are the most common complications associated with prolonged peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy used for treating the patients with end stage renal failure (ESRF). Recurrent and persistent…
Dust in debris disks is generated by collisions among planetesimals. The existence of these planetesimals is a consequence of the planet formation process, but the relationship between debris disks and planets has not been clearly…
Evidence from skeletal remains and pictorial records for the past several millennia established that humans have had a very inadequate ascorbic acid intake and commonly exhibited signs of frank scurvy, as well as the invisible signs of…
Observed gonorrhea case rates (number of positive tests per 100,000 individuals) increased by 75 percent in the United States between 2009 and 2017, predominantly among men. However, testing recommendations by the Centers for Disease…
The Milky Way harbours two disks that appear distinct concerning scale-heights, kinematics, and elemental abundance patterns. Recent years have seen a surge of studies of the elemental abundance trends in the disks using high resolution…
Debris disks are optically thin, almost gas-free dusty disks observed around a significant fraction of main-sequence stars older than about 10 Myr. Since the circumstellar dust is short-lived, the very existence of these disks is considered…
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Treatments have evolved, with stenting becoming the primary approach over bypass surgery. This article reviews the evolution of coronary stent technology, starting from…
Asbestos is the term for silicate minerals with a typical fibrous structure and crystallise as separable fibres that can be released into the environment as a result of natural processes and anthropogenic activities. There is a need to…
The field of ageing science has gone through remarkable progress in recent decades, yet many fundamental questions remain unanswered or unexplored. Here we present a curated list of 100 open problems in ageing and longevity science. These…
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common osteoarthritis and a leading cause of disability. Cartilage defects are regarded as major manifestations of knee OA, which are visible by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thus early detection and…
Distress is a complex condition which affects a significant percentage of cancer patients and may lead to depression, anxiety, sadness, suicide and other forms of psychological morbidity. Compelling evidence supports screening for distress…
The Kidney Exchange Problem is a prominent challenge in healthcare and economics, arising in the context of organ transplantation. It has been extensively studied in artificial intelligence and optimization. In a kidney exchange, a set of…
Improving the health of the nation's population and increasing the capabilities of the US healthcare system to support diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease is a critical national and societal priority. In the past decade,…
Early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is essential for preventing progression to end-stage renal disease. However, existing screening tools - primarily developed using populations from high-income countries - often underperform in…
A sudden steepening of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum (the knee) is observed at an energy of about 3 PeV (1 PeV = 10$^{15}$eV). The recent results on extensive air showers allow us to conclude that: a) the knee has an astrophysical origin;…
The recent progress in instrumentation and telescope development has brought us different ways to observe protoplanetary disks, including interferometers, space missions, adaptive optics, polarimetry, and time- and spectrally-resolved data.…
In this study, we introduce a deep learning approach for segmenting kidney parenchyma and kidney abnormalities to support clinicians in identifying and quantifying renal abnormalities such as cysts, lesions, masses, metastases, and primary…