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The ability to identify whether or not a test sample belongs to one of the semantic classes in a classifier's training set is critical to practical deployment of the model. This task is termed open-set recognition (OSR) and has received…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Sagar Vaze , Kai Han , Andrea Vedaldi , Andrew Zisserman

Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) aims to recognize both known and novel categories from a set of unlabeled data, based on another dataset labeled with only known categories. Without considering differences between known and novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Wenbin An , Feng Tian , Qinghua Zheng , Wei Ding , QianYing Wang , Ping Chen

Traditional machine learning follows a close-set assumption that the training and test set share the same label space. While in many practical scenarios, it is inevitable that some test samples belong to unknown classes (open-set). To fix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Zitai Wang , Qianqian Xu , Zhiyong Yang , Yuan He , Xiaochun Cao , Qingming Huang

In this study, we tackle Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) via a Relational Retrieval perspective, explicitly coupling labeled and unlabeled data through bidirectional knowledge transfer. While existing methods treat these sources…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yulin Xu , Chunqi Guo , Yuanzhen Shuai , Jianyuan Ni

Current mainstream SAR image object detection methods still lack robustness when dealing with unknown objects in open environments. Open-set detection aims to enable detectors trained on a closed set to detect all known objects and identify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xiayang Xiao , Zhuoxuan Li , Haipeng Wang

Open-set node classification (OSNC) allows unlabeled test data to contain novel classes previously unseen in the labeled data. The goal is to classify in-distribution (ID) nodes into corresponding known classes and reject…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Junwei Gong , Xiao Shen , Zhihao Chen , Shirui Pan , Xiao Wang , Xi Zhou

This paper addresses generalized category discovery (GCD), the task of clustering unlabeled data from potentially known or unknown categories with the help of labeled instances from each known category. Compared to traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Menglin Wang , Zhun Zhong , Xiaojin Gong

Continual Generalized Category Discovery (C-GCD) faces a critical challenge: incrementally learning new classes from unlabeled data streams while preserving knowledge of old classes. Existing methods struggle with catastrophic forgetting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Hao Dai , Jagmohan Chauhan

This work addresses the task of generalized class discovery (GCD) in instance segmentation. The goal is to discover novel classes and obtain a model capable of segmenting instances of both known and novel categories, given labeled and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Cuong Manh Hoang , Yeejin Lee , Byeongkeun Kang

Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) aims to categorize unlabelled instances from both known and unknown classes by transferring knowledge from labelled data of known classes. Existing methods assume all data comes from a single domain, yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hongjun Wang , Po Hu , Kai Han

Neural networks for image classification tasks assume that any given image during inference belongs to one of the training classes. This closed-set assumption is challenged in real-world applications where models may encounter inputs of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Jinsol Lee , Ghassan AlRegib

Open-Set Object Detection (OSOD) has emerged as a contemporary research direction to address the detection of unknown objects. Recently, few works have achieved remarkable performance in the OSOD task by employing contrastive clustering to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Hiran Sarkar , Vishal Chudasama , Naoyuki Onoe , Pankaj Wasnik , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Open set recognition (OSR) is devised to address the problem of detecting novel classes during model inference. Even in recent vision models, this remains an open issue which is receiving increasing attention. Thereby, a crucial challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jiawen Xu , Odej Kao , Margret Keuper

Recognizing and differentiating among both familiar and unfamiliar faces is a critical capability for face recognition systems and a key step toward artificial general intelligence (AGI). Motivated by this ability, this paper introduces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yunseok Oh , Dong-Wan Choi

Federated Graph Learning (FGL) enables collaborative learning over distributed graph data, yet existing approaches largely rely on a closed-world assumption, limiting their applicability in dynamic environments where novel categories…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhongzheng Yuan , Lianshuai Guo , Xunkai Li , Wenyu Wang , Meixia Qu

Most object detectors operate under a closed-world assumption, recognizing only the classes annotated in the training dataset and failing when encountering novel objects. Open-World Object Detection (OWOD) relaxes this assumption by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yuchen Zhang , Yao Lu , Johannes Betz

Generalized category discovery (GCD) aims at addressing a more realistic and challenging setting of semi-supervised learning, where only part of the category labels are assigned to certain training samples. Previous methods generally employ…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Yuanpeng Tu , Zhun Zhong , Yuxi Li , Hengshuang Zhao

Open-world (OW) recognition and detection models show strong zero- and few-shot adaptation abilities, inspiring their use as initializations in continual learning methods to improve performance. Despite promising results on seen classes,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Bowen Dong , Zitong Huang , Guanglei Yang , Lei Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo

The primary assumption of conventional supervised learning or classification is that the test samples are drawn from the same distribution as the training samples, which is called closed set learning or classification. In many practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Sepideh Esmaeilpour , Lei Shu , Bing Liu

Class incremental learning (CIL) aims to learn a model that can not only incrementally accommodate new classes, but also maintain the learned knowledge of old classes. Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection in CIL is to retain this incremental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Wenjun Miao , Guansong Pang , Trong-Tung Nguyen , Ruohang Fang , Jin Zheng , Xiao Bai
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