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Efficient scheduling is crucial for interactive Large Language Model (LLM) applications, where low request completion time directly impacts user engagement. Size-based scheduling algorithms like Shortest Remaining Process Time (SRPT) aim to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Rana Shahout , Eran Malach , Chunwei Liu , Weifan Jiang , Minlan Yu , Michael Mitzenmacher

Modern high-performance architectures employ large last-level caches (LLCs). While large LLCs can reduce average memory access latency for workloads with a high degree of locality, they can also increase latency for workloads with irregular…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Hoa Nguyen , Pongstorn Maidee , Jason Lowe-Power , Alireza Kaviani

Process malleability has proved to have a highly positive impact on the resource utilization and global productivity in data centers compared with the conventional static resource allocation policy. However, the non-negligible additional…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Sergio Iserte , Rafael Mayo , Enrique S. Quintana-Ortí , Antonio J. Peña

With the growing constraints on power budget and increasing hardware failure rates, the operation of future exascale systems faces several challenges. Towards this, resource awareness and adaptivity by enabling malleable jobs has been…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Mohak Chadha , Jophin John , Michael Gerndt

This paper addresses the complex issue of resource-constrained scheduling, an NP-hard problem that spans critical areas including chip design and high-performance computing. Traditional scheduling methods often stumble over scalability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Mingju Liu , Yingjie Li , Jiaqi Yin , Zhiru Zhang , Cunxi Yu

The scaling of large language models (LLMs) is currently bottlenecked by the rigidity of distributed programming. While high-performance libraries like CuBLAS and NCCL provide optimized primitives, they lack the flexibility required for…

Modern workloads are demanding increasingly larger memory capacity. Compute Express Link (CXL)-based memory tiering has emerged as a promising solution for addressing this problem by utilizing traditional DRAM alongside slow-tier CXL memory…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Kevin Song , Jiacheng Yang , Zixuan Wang , Jishen Zhao , Sihang Liu , Gennady Pekhimenko

Application tail latency is a key metric for many services, with high latencies being linked directly to loss of revenue. Modern deeply-nested micro-service architectures exacerbate tail latencies, increasing the likelihood of users…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Andrew Jeffery , Chris Jensen , Richard Mortier

In end-to-end distributed real time systems, a task may be executed sequentially on different processors. The end-toend task response time must not exceed the end-to-end task deadline to consider the task a schedulable task. In transient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-06-04 W. El-Haweet , Islam Elgedawy , Ibrahim Abd El-Salam

This paper focuses on the analysis of real-time non preemptive multiprocessor scheduling with precedence and several latency constraints. It aims to specify a schedulability condition which enables a designer to check a priori -without…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2013-01-22 Omar Kermia

We study the problem of optimizing Large Language Model (LLM) inference scheduling to minimize total latency. LLM inference is an online and multi-task service process and also heavily energy consuming by which a pre-trained LLM processes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zixi Chen , Yinyu Ye , Zijie Zhou

The growing memory footprints of cloud and big data applications mean that data center CPUs can spend significant time waiting for memory. An attractive approach to improving performance in such centralized compute settings is to employ…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Karthik Sankaranarayanan , Chit-Kwan Lin , Gautham Chinya

DNN models across many domains continue to grow in size, resulting in high resource requirements for effective training, and unpalatable (and often unaffordable) costs for organizations and research labs across scales. This paper aims to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-27 John Thorpe , Pengzhan Zhao , Jonathan Eyolfson , Yifan Qiao , Zhihao Jia , Minjia Zhang , Ravi Netravali , Guoqing Harry Xu

Real-time LLM interactions demand streamed token generations, where text tokens are progressively generated and delivered to users while balancing two objectives: responsiveness (i.e., low time-to-first-token) and steady generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Junyi Chen , Chuheng Du , Renyuan Liu , Shuochao Yao , Dingtian Yan , Jiang Liao , Shengzhong Liu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Transient cloud servers such as Amazon Spot instances, Google Preemptible VMs, and Azure Low-priority batch VMs, can reduce cloud computing costs by as much as $10\times$, but can be unilaterally preempted by the cloud provider.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-18 JCS Kadupitiya , Vikram Jadhao , Prateek Sharma

Scheduling precedence-constrained tasks under shared renewable resources is central to modern computing platforms. The Resource Investment Problem (RIP) models this setting by minimizing the cost of provisioned renewable resources under…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yi-Xiang Hu , Yuke Wang , Feng Wu , Zirui Huang , Shuli Zeng , Xiang-Yang Li

Spatial dataflow accelerators are a promising direction for next-generation computer systems because they can reduce the memory bottlenecks of traditional von Neumann machines such as CPUs and GPUs. They organize computation around…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Wei Li , Zhenyu Bai , Heru Wang , Pranav Dangi , Zhiqiang Zhang , Cheng Tan , Huiying Lan , Weng-Fai Wong , Tulika Mitra

Real-life parallel machine scheduling problems can be characterized by: (i) limited information about the exact task duration at scheduling time, and (ii) an opportunity to reschedule the remaining tasks each time a task processing is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-22 Izack Cohen , Krzysztof Postek , Shimrit Shtern

Exploiting full computational power of current more and more hierarchical multiprocessor machines requires a very careful distribution of threads and data among the underlying non-uniform architecture. Unfortunately, most operating systems…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2007-06-15 Samuel Thibault , Raymond Namyst , Pierre-André Wacrenier

Applications with safety requirements have become ubiquitous nowadays and can be found in edge devices of all kinds. However, microcontrollers in those devices, despite offering moderate performance by implementing multicores and cache…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Fabio Mazzocchetti , Sergi Alcaide , Francisco Bas , Pedro Benedicte , Guillem Cabo , Feng Chang , Francisco Fuentes , Jaume Abella