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Tables are an abundant form of data with use cases across all scientific fields. Real-world datasets often contain anomalous samples that can negatively affect downstream analysis. In this work, we only assume access to contaminated data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Guy Zamberg , Moshe Salhov , Ofir Lindenbaum , Amir Averbuch

The scarcity of high-quality segmentation masks remains a major bottleneck for medical image analysis, particularly in non-contrast CT (NCCT) neuroimaging, where manual annotation is costly and variable. To address this limitation, we…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Lucia Borrego , Vajira Thambawita , Marco Ciuffreda , Ines del Val , Alejandro Dominguez , Josep Munuera

Developing reliable and generalizable deep learning systems for medical imaging faces significant obstacles due to spurious correlations, data imbalances, and limited text annotations in datasets. Addressing these challenges requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Amar Kumar , Anita Kriz , Mohammad Havaei , Tal Arbel

Image anomaly detection plays a vital role in applications such as industrial quality inspection and medical imaging, where it directly contributes to improving product quality and system reliability. However, existing methods often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Zekang Weng , Jinjin Shi , Jinwei Wang , Zeming Han

Deep generative models have demonstrated remarkable success in medical image synthesis. However, ensuring conditioning faithfulness and high-quality synthetic images for direct or counterfactual generation remains a challenge. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fangrui Huang , Alan Wang , Binxu Li , Bailey Trang , Ridvan Yesiloglu , Tianyu Hua , Wei Peng , Ehsan Adeli

Training machine learning models to segment tumors and other anomalies in medical images is an important step for developing diagnostic tools but generally requires manually annotated ground truth segmentations, which necessitates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Jay J. Yoo , Khashayar Namdar , Farzad Khalvati

Congenital malformations of the brain are among the most common fetal abnormalities that impact fetal development. Previous anomaly detection methods on ultrasound images are based on supervised learning, rely on manual annotations, and…

Real-world data often has a long-tailed distribution, where the scarcity of tail samples significantly limits the model's generalization ability. Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM) are generative models based on stochastic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jingyu Kong , Yuan Guo , Yu Wang , Yuping Duan

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) (Ho et al. 2020) have shown impressive results on image and waveform generation in continuous state spaces. Here, we introduce Discrete Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (D3PMs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Jacob Austin , Daniel D. Johnson , Jonathan Ho , Daniel Tarlow , Rianne van den Berg

Multi-modality image fusion aims to combine different modalities to produce fused images that retain the complementary features of each modality, such as functional highlights and texture details. To leverage strong generative priors and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Zixiang Zhao , Haowen Bai , Yuanzhi Zhu , Jiangshe Zhang , Shuang Xu , Yulun Zhang , Kai Zhang , Deyu Meng , Radu Timofte , Luc Van Gool

Accurate medical image segmentation is crucial for precise anatomical delineation. Deep learning models like U-Net have shown great success but depend heavily on large datasets and struggle with domain shifts, complex structures, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hantao Zhang , Yuhe Liu , Jiancheng Yang , Weidong Guo , Xinyuan Wang , Pascal Fua

To obtain high-quality positron emission tomography (PET) scans while reducing radiation exposure to the human body, various approaches have been proposed to reconstruct standard-dose PET (SPET) images from low-dose PET (LPET) images. One…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-22 Zeyu Han , Yuhan Wang , Luping Zhou , Peng Wang , Binyu Yan , Jiliu Zhou , Yan Wang , Dinggang Shen

Denoising diffusion models have found applications in image segmentation by generating segmented masks conditioned on images. Existing studies predominantly focus on adjusting model architecture or improving inference, such as test-time…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-11 Yunguan Fu , Yiwen Li , Shaheer U Saeed , Matthew J Clarkson , Yipeng Hu

Image synthesis has seen significant advancements with the advent of diffusion-based generative models like Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM) and text-to-image diffusion models. Despite their efficacy, there is a dearth of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Ruipeng Ma , Jinhao Duan , Fei Kong , Xiaoshuang Shi , Kaidi Xu

Medical image segmentation is crucial for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. Traditional methods typically produce a single segmentation mask, failing to capture inherent uncertainty. Recent generative models enable the creation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Huynh Trinh Ngoc , Toan Nguyen Hai , Ba Luong Son , Long Tran Quoc

Recently, denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPM) have been applied to image segmentation by generating segmentation masks conditioned on images, while the applications were mainly limited to 2D networks without exploiting potential…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-21 Yunguan Fu , Yiwen Li , Shaheer U. Saeed , Matthew J. Clarkson , Yipeng Hu

Nuclei segmentation and classification is a significant process in pathology image analysis. Deep learning-based approaches have greatly contributed to the higher accuracy of this task. However, those approaches suffer from the imbalanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Hyun-Jic Oh , Won-Ki Jeong

Recent advances in Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) have set new standards in high-quality image synthesis. Yet, controlled generation remains challenging, particularly in sensitive areas such as medical imaging. Medical images feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Sarah Cechnicka , Matthew Baugh , Weitong Zhang , Mischa Dombrowski , Zhe Li , Johannes C. Paetzold , Candice Roufosse , Bernhard Kainz

Image synthesis approaches, e.g., generative adversarial networks, have been popular as a form of data augmentation in medical image analysis tasks. It is primarily beneficial to overcome the shortage of publicly accessible data and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Shiyi Du , Xiaosong Wang , Yongyi Lu , Yuyin Zhou , Shaoting Zhang , Alan Yuille , Kang Li , Zongwei Zhou

We present a masked-guided approach for a denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) trained to generate and inpaint realistic radio galaxy images. The inpainting capability is particularly relevant for reconstructing incomplete…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-26 Rémi Poitevineau , Emma Tolley , Verlon Etsebeth