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The exponential growth of AI has created unprecedented demand for computational resources, pushing chip designs to the limit while simultaneously escalating the environmental footprint of computing. As the industry transitions toward…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Chetan Choppali Sudarshan , Jiajun Hu , Aman Arora , Vidya A. Chhabria

Rapidly evolving artificial intelligence and machine learning applications require ever-increasing computational capabilities, while monolithic 2D design technologies approach their limits. Heterogeneous integration of smaller chiplets…

Chiplet-based systems have gained significant attention in recent years due to their low cost and competitive performance. As the complexity and compactness of a chiplet-based system increase, careful consideration must be given to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yuanyuan Duan , Xingchen Liu , Zhiping Yu , Hanming Wu , Leilai Shao , Xiaolei Zhu

Large language model (LLM) inference performance is increasingly bottlenecked by the memory wall. While GPUs continue to scale raw compute throughput, they struggle to deliver scalable performance for memory bandwidth bound workloads. This…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Matthew Adiletta , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks

Transformers have revolutionized deep learning and generative modeling, enabling advancements in natural language processing tasks. However, the size of transformer models is increasing continuously, driven by enhanced capabilities across…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Harsh Sharma , Pratyush Dhingra , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Umit Ogras , Partha Pratim Pande

As semiconductor manufacturing advances from the 3-nm process toward the sub-nanometer regime and transitions from FinFETs to gate-all-around field-effect transistors (GAAFETs), the resulting complexity and manufacturing challenges continue…

Fast-evolving artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms such as large language models have been driving the ever-increasing computing demands in today's data centers. Heterogeneous computing with domain-specific architectures (DSAs) brings…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Zhuoping Yang , Shixin Ji , Xingzhen Chen , Jinming Zhuang , Weifeng Zhang , Dharmesh Jani , Peipei Zhou

Modern GPUs adopt chiplet-based designs with multiple private cache hierarchies, but current programming models (CUDA/HIP) expose a flat execution hierarchy that cannot express chiplet-level locality or synchronization. This mismatch leads…

Chiplet-based integration enables large-scale systems that combine diverse technologies, enabling higher yield, lower costs, and scalability, making them well-suited to AI workloads. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) has emerged as a promising…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Alish Kanani , Lukas Pfromm , Harsh Sharma , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Partha Pratim Pande , Umit Y. Ogras

Energy consumption is a major concern in multicore systems. Perhaps the simplest strategy for reducing energy costs is to use only as many cores as necessary while still being able to deliver a desired quality of service. Motivated by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-04-17 Sanjiva Prasad

Large language models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's ChatGPT and Google's Gemini have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities of autoregressive AI models across multiple tasks triggering disruptive technology innovations around the world. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Huwan Peng , Scott Davidson , Richard Shi , Shuaiwen Leon Song , Michael Taylor

The design space exploration of scaled-out manycores for communication-intensive applications (e.g., graph analytics and sparse linear algebra) is hampered due to either lack of scalability or accuracy of existing frameworks at simulating…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Marcelo Orenes-Vera , Esin Tureci , Margaret Martonosi , David Wentzlaff

We study the application of emerging chiplet-based Neural Processing Units to accelerate vehicular AI perception workloads in constrained automotive settings. The motivation stems from how chiplets technology is becoming integral to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Mohanad Odema , Luke Chen , Hyoukjun Kwon , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

Advanced 2.5D Systems-in-Package (SiPs) compose a growing portion of high-performance systems. While the packaging and interconnect choices play a large role in the overall system design, system architects still lack a suitable framework…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhengping Zhu , Austin Rovinski

Heterogeneous chiplets have been proposed for accelerating high-performance computing tasks. Integrated inside one package, CPU and GPU chiplets can share a common interconnection network that can be implemented through the interposer.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Siamak Biglari , Ruixiao Huang , Hui Zhao , Saraju Mohanty

This paper presents an analysis of the energy consumption of an extensive number of the optimisations a modern compiler can perform. Using GCC as a test case, we evaluate a set of ten carefully selected benchmarks for five different…

Performance · Computer Science 2014-01-27 James Pallister , Simon Hollis , Jeremy Bennett

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various fields, but their training and finetuning require massive computation and memory, necessitating parallelism which introduces heavy communication overheads. Driven by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zongle Huang , Shupei Fan , Chen Tang , Xinyuan Lin , Shuwen Deng , Yongpan Liu

The growing complexity of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), together with increasingly available parallelism provided by multi-core chips, fosters the parallelization of simulation. Simulation speed-ups are expected from co-simulation and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Abir Ben Khaled-El Feki , Laurent Duval , Cyril Faure , Daniel Simon , Mongi Ben Gaid

2.5D integration is an important technique to tackle the growing cost of manufacturing chips in advanced technology nodes. This poses the challenge of providing high-performance inter-chiplet interconnects (ICIs). As the number of chiplets…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Patrick Iff , Maciej Besta , Matheus Cavalcante , Tim Fischer , Luca Benini , Torsten Hoefler

We introduce a general-purpose framework for interconnecting scientific simulation programs using a homogeneous, unified interface. Our framework is intrinsically parallel, and conveniently separates all component numerical modules in…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Simon Portegies Zwart , Steve McMillan , Arjen van Elteren , Inti Pelupessy , Nathan de Vries