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Large language models (LLMs) struggle to consistently generate UI code that compiles and produces visually relevant designs. Existing approaches to improve generation rely on expensive human feedback or distilling a proprietary model. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jason Wu , Eldon Schoop , Alan Leung , Titus Barik , Jeffrey P. Bigham , Jeffrey Nichols

Latent diffusion models (LDMs) enable high-fidelity synthesis by operating in learned latent spaces. However, training state-of-the-art LDMs requires complex staging: a tokenizer must be trained first, before the diffusion model can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shivam Duggal , Xingjian Bai , Zongze Wu , Richard Zhang , Eli Shechtman , Antonio Torralba , Phillip Isola , William T. Freeman

The success of foundation AI has motivated the research of circuit foundation models, which are customized to assist the integrated circuit (IC) design process. However, existing pre-trained circuit foundation models are typically limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Wenji Fang , Jing Wang , Yao Lu , Shang Liu , Zhiyao Xie

Autonomous driving systems require a comprehensive understanding of the environment, achieved by extracting visual features essential for perception, planning, and control. However, models trained solely on single-task objectives or generic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Huy-Dung Nguyen , Anass Bairouk , Mirjana Maras , Wei Xiao , Tsun-Hsuan Wang , Patrick Chareyre , Ramin Hasani , Marc Blanchon , Daniela Rus

We introduce a novel co-design method for autonomous moving agents' shape attributes and locomotion by combining deep reinforcement learning and evolution with user control. Our main inspiration comes from evolution, which has led to wide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Zhiquan Wang , Bedrich Benes , Ahmed H. Qureshi , Christos Mousas

We present a case study of using generative user interfaces, or ``vibe coding,'' a method leveraging large language models (LLMs) for generating code via natural language prompts, to support rapid prototyping in user-centered design (UCD).…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Tianyi Li , Tanay Maheshwari , Alex Voelker

The advances in 3D reconstruction technology, such as photogrammetry and LiDAR scanning, have made it easier to reconstruct accurate and detailed 3D models for urban scenes. Nevertheless, these reconstructed models often contain a large…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Shanshan Pan , Runze Zhang , Yilin Liu , Minglun Gong , Hui Huang

Message passing has become the dominant framework in graph representation learning. The essential idea of the message-passing framework is to update node embeddings based on the information aggregated from local neighbours. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Haimin Zhang , Min Xu

This article proposes to auto-encode text at byte-level using convolutional networks with a recursive architecture. The motivation is to explore whether it is possible to have scalable and homogeneous text generation at byte-level in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-07 Xiang Zhang , Yann LeCun

Variational Autoencoders are powerful models for unsupervised learning. However deep models with several layers of dependent stochastic variables are difficult to train which limits the improvements obtained using these highly expressive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-05-30 Casper Kaae Sønderby , Tapani Raiko , Lars Maaløe , Søren Kaae Sønderby , Ole Winther

Embodied long-horizon manipulation requires robotic systems to process multimodal inputs-such as vision and natural language-and translate them into executable actions. However, existing learning-based approaches often depend on large,…

Autoencoding is a popular method in representation learning. Conventional autoencoders employ symmetric encoding-decoding procedures and a simple Euclidean latent space to detect hidden low-dimensional structures in an unsupervised way.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Stefan C. Schonsheck , Scott Mahan , Timo Klock , Alexander Cloninger , Rongjie Lai

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are quickly becoming a ubiquitous approach to procedurally generating video game levels. While GAN generated levels are stylistically similar to human-authored examples, human designers often want to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Matthew C. Fontaine , Ruilin Liu , Ahmed Khalifa , Jignesh Modi , Julian Togelius , Amy K. Hoover , Stefanos Nikolaidis

Automatic generation of level maps is a popular form of automatic content generation. In this study, a recently developed technique employing the {\em do what's possible} representation is used to create open-ended level maps. Generation of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Daniel Ashlock , Christoph Salge

We consider the problem of co-designing embodied intelligence as a whole in a structured way, from hardware components such as propulsion systems and sensors to software modules such as control and perception pipelines. We propose a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Gioele Zardini , Dejan Milojevic , Andrea Censi , Emilio Frazzoli

The topic of Co-creation, i.e., AI agents interacting with humans to generate outputs (e.g., art), has gained significant attention recently. However, most studies focus on adult-human interactions in a digital setting. This paper explores…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Arturo Valdivia , Paolo Burelli

It is a long-lasting goal to design a generalist-embodied agent that can follow diverse instructions in human-like ways. However, existing approaches often fail to steadily follow instructions due to difficulties in understanding abstract…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Enshen Zhou , Yiran Qin , Zhenfei Yin , Yuzhou Huang , Ruimao Zhang , Lu Sheng , Yu Qiao , Jing Shao

Automated code generation remains a persistent challenge in software engineering, as conventional multi-agent frameworks are often constrained by static planning, isolated execution, high computational overhead, and limited adaptability to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Duy Tung Doan , Quang Huy Phung , Dzung Nguyen , Khac-Hoai Nam Bui

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated the ability to learn and leverage Internet-scale knowledge through pre-training with autoregressive models. Unfortunately, applying such models to settings with embodied…

Recent research shows how diffusion models can unconditionally generate tile-based game levels, but use of diffusion models for text-to-level generation is underexplored. There are practical considerations for creating a usable model:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Jacob Schrum , Olivia Kilday , Emilio Salas , Bess Hagan , Reid Williams