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Carbon-ion radiotherapy provides high dose conformity for lung cancer, but its benefit is limited by two sources of uncertainties: interplay between scanned beam delivery and tumor motion, and dose modulation from heterogeneous lung tissue.…
Inter-observer variation is a significant problem in clinical target volume(CTV) segmentation in postoperative settings, where there is no gross tumor present. In this scenario, the CTV is not an anatomically established structure, but one…
Phase I dose-finding studies aim at identifying the maximal tolerated dose (MTD). It is not uncommon that several dose-finding studies are conducted, although often with some variation in the administration mode or dose panel. For instance,…
Resistance to therapy remains a significant challenge in cancer treatment, often due to the presence of a stem-like cell population that drives tumor recurrence post-treatment. Moreover, many anticancer therapies induce plasticity,…
The goal of radiation therapy for cancer is to deliver prescribed radiation dose to the tumor while minimizing dose to the surrounding healthy tissues. To evaluate treatment plans, the dose distribution to healthy organs is commonly…
The estimand framework provides guidance on handling intercurrent events, such as treatment discontinuation, in the analysis of clinical trial responses. Under ICH E9(R1), the treatment policy (TP) strategy incorporates post-discontinuation…
Chemotherapy is one of the primary modalities of cancer treatment. Chemotherapy drug administration is a complex problem that often requires expensive clinical trials to evaluate potential regimens. One way to alleviate this burden and…
Adverse drug reactions considerably impact patient outcomes and healthcare costs in cancer therapy. Using artificial intelligence to predict adverse drug reactions in real time could revolutionize oncology treatment. This study aims to…
We propose a general formulation for continuous treatment recommendation problems in settings with clinical survival data, which we call the Deep Survival Dose Response Function (DeepSDRF). That is, we consider the problem of learning the…
Causal machine learning (CML) enables individualized estimation of treatment effects, offering critical advantages over traditional correlation-based methods. However, existing approaches for medical survival data with censoring such as…
In clinical studies, the risk of the primary (terminal) event may be modified by intermediate events, resulting in semicompeting risks. To study the treatment effect on the terminal event mediated by the intermediate event, researchers wish…
There is experimental and histological evidence that chronic irritation and cell death may cause hyperplasia in the exposed tissue. As the heterogeneous deposition of inhaled radon progeny results in high local doses at the peak of the…
Background: Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) is used for confounding adjustment in observational studies. Newer weighting methods include energy balancing (EB), kernel optimal matching (KOM), and tailored-loss covariate…
Determining the extent to which a patient is benefiting from cancer therapy is challenging. Criteria for quantifying the extent of "tumor response" observed within a few cycles of treatment have been established for various types of solid…
Background: Phase I dose-finding trials increasingly encounter delayed-onset toxicities, especially with immunotherapies and targeted agents. The time-to-event continual reassessment method (TITE-CRM) handles incomplete follow-up using…
When to initiate treatment on patients is an important problem in many medical studies such as AIDS and cancer. In this article, we formulate the treatment initiation time problem for time-to-event data and propose an optimal individualized…
Conditional effects are commonly used measures for understanding how treatment effects vary across different groups, and are often used to target treatments/interventions to groups who benefit most. In this work we review existing methods…
Radiotherapy is an integral part of treatment for many patients with breast cancer. However, side effects can occur, Example fibrosis or erythema. If patients at higher risks of radiation induced side effects could be identified before…
This paper proposes a novel criterion for the allocation of patients in Phase~I dose-escalation clinical trials aiming to find the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Conventionally, using a model-based approach the next patient is allocated to…
A fundamental model of tumor growth in the presence of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents is formulated. The model allows to study the role of the Norton-Simon hypothesis in the context of dose-dense chemotherapy. Dose-dense protocols aim at…