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With the progress of cancer, the macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, lipids, etc. inside cells undergo spatial structural rearrangements and alterations. Mesoscopic physics based optical partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) was recently introduced…
Objective: To compare different risk-based methods for optimal prediction of treatment effects. Methods: We simulated RCT data using diverse assumptions for the average treatment effect, a baseline prognostic index of risk (PI), the shape…
In oncology clinical trials, characterizing the long-term overall survival (OS) benefit for an experimental drug or treatment regimen (experimental group) is often unobservable if some patients in the control group switch to drugs in the…
In this work, we investigate the population dynamics of tumor cells under therapeutic pressure. Although drug treatment initially induces a reduction in tumor burden, treatment failure frequently occurs over time due to the emergence of…
In the realm of medical science, the pursuit of enhancing treatment efficacy and patient outcomes continues to drive innovation. This study delves into the integration of biomimicry principles within the domain of Radiation Therapy (RT) to…
FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) has shown the potential to spare normal tissue while seemingly maintaining the effectiveness of conventional radiotherapy (CONV-RT). It has been suggested that the protective effect arises from the radiolytic…
Evidence supporting the current World Health Organization recommendations of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for adolescents is inconclusive. We leverage a large observational data and compare, in terms of mortality and CD4…
The primary analysis of randomized screening trials for cancer typically adheres to the intention-to-screen principle, measuring cancer-specific mortality reductions between screening and control arms. These mortality reductions result from…
A multicompartment mathematical model is presented with the goal of studying the role of dose-dense protocols in the context of combination cancer chemotherapy. Dose-dense protocols aim at reducing the period between courses of chemotherapy…
The preponderance of large-scale healthcare databases provide abundant opportunities for comparative effectiveness research. Evidence necessary to making informed treatment decisions often relies on comparing effectiveness of multiple…
Immune checkpoint inhibitor--based therapies often produce heterogeneous survival responses, including early risk, delayed treatment benefit, and durable long-term survival in a subset of patients. In these settings, conventional summary…
Background: Incidence of adverse outcome events rises as patients with advanced illness approach end-of-life. Exposures that tend to occur near end-of-life, e.g., use of wheelchair, oxygen therapy and palliative care, may therefore be found…
Overall survival (OS) is the gold standard for assessing patient benefit and cost-effectiveness of new cancer drugs. However, it is often difficult to use OS as the primary endpoint in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for patients with…
An objective of phase I dose-finding trials is to find the maximum tolerated dose; the dose with a particular risk of toxicity. Frequently, this risk is assessed across the first cycle of therapy. However, in oncology, a course of treatment…
Phase I dose escalation trials in oncology generally aim to find the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). However, with the advent of molecular targeted therapies and antibody drug conjugates, dose limiting toxicities are less frequently observed,…
Inferring the causal effects of time-varying treatments is often hindered by highly variable inverse propensity weights, particularly in settings with limited covariate overlap. Building on the key framework of Imai and Ratkovic (2015), we…
Background and purpose: To investigate the possible contribution of indirect damage and damage saturation to tumour control obtained with SBRT/SRS treatments for early-stage NSCLC and brain metastases. Methods and Materials: We have…
In conventional radiotherapy, the probability of controlling tumor growth is quantified using Tumor Control Probability (TCP) models. Instead, the probability of experiencing a side effect after the irradiation of healthy tissues and organs…
We consider the effects of parameter uncertainty on the optimal radiation schedule in the context of the linear-quadratic model. Our interest arises from the observation that if inter-patient variations in OAR and tumor sensitivities to…
Radiation therapy has remained as one of the main cancer treatment modalities and a highly cost-effective single modality treatment of cancer care. Typical regimens for fractionated external beam radiotherapy comprise a constant dose…