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Recent advances in large language models have sparked growing interest in AI agents capable of solving complex, real-world tasks. However, most existing agent systems rely on manually crafted configurations that remain static after…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jinyuan Fang , Yanwen Peng , Xi Zhang , Yingxu Wang , Xinhao Yi , Guibin Zhang , Yi Xu , Bin Wu , Siwei Liu , Zihao Li , Zhaochun Ren , Nikos Aletras , Xi Wang , Han Zhou , Zaiqiao Meng

We study the convergence properties of decentralized fictitious play (DFP) for the class of near-potential games where the incentives of agents are nearly aligned with a potential function. In DFP, agents share information only with their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-19 Sarper Aydın , Sina Arefizadeh , Ceyhun Eksin

We study the emergence of agency from scratch by using Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents. In previous studies of LLM-based agents, each agent's characteristics, including personality and memory, have traditionally been predefined. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Ryosuke Takata , Atsushi Masumori , Takashi Ikegami

Fictitious play is an algorithm for computing Nash equilibria of matrix games. Recently, machine learning variants of fictitious play have been successfully applied to complicated real-world games. This paper presents a simple modification…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Alex Cloud , Albert Wang , Wesley Kerr

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has reshaped agent systems. Unlike traditional rule-based agents with limited task scope, LLM-powered agents offer greater flexibility, cross-domain reasoning, and natural language interaction.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Guannan Liang , Qianqian Tong

The complexity of cooperative behavior is a crucial issue in multiagent-based social simulation. In this paper, an agent-based model is proposed to study the evolution of cooperative hunting behaviors in an artificial society. In this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Honglin Bao , Wolfgang Banzhaf

This paper introduces an open-source simulator, BeliefNest, designed to enable embodied agents to perform collaborative tasks by leveraging Theory of Mind. BeliefNest dynamically and hierarchically constructs simulators within a Minecraft…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Rikunari Sagara , Koichiro Terao , Naoto Iwahashi

Recently, deep multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has gained significant popularity due to its success in various cooperative multi-agent tasks. However, exploration still remains a challenging problem in MARL due to the partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yonghyeon Jo , Sunwoo Lee , Junghyuk Yeom , Seungyul Han

We explore how physical scale and population size shape the emergence of complex behaviors in open-ended ecological environments. In our setting, agents are unsupervised and have no explicit rewards or learning objectives but instead evolve…

Protecting cyberspace requires not only advanced tools but also a shift in how we reason about threats, trust, and autonomy. Traditional cybersecurity methods rely on manual responses and brittle heuristics. To build proactive and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Quanyan Zhu

Imaginative play is an area of creativity that could allow robots to engage with the world around them in a much more personified way. Imaginary play can be seen as taking real objects and locations and using them as imaginary objects and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Zexin Chen , Eric Zhou , Kenneth Eaton , Xiangyu Peng , Mark Riedl

Game balancing is a longstanding challenge requiring repeated playtesting, expert intuition, and extensive manual tuning. We introduce RuleSmith, the first framework that achieves automated game balancing by leveraging the reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Ziyao Zeng , Chen Liu , Tianyu Liu , Hao Wang , Xiatao Sun , Fengyu Yang , Xiaofeng Liu , Zhiwen Fan

Artificial ecosystems provide an additional experimental tool to support laboratory work, field work, and theoretical development in competitive exclusion research. A novel application of a spatiotemporal agent based model is presented…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-01 John C. Stevenson

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents necessitates the management of extensive, dynamic contexts. Current benchmarks, however, remain largely static, relying on passive retrieval tasks that fail to simulate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Shicheng Fang , Yuxin Wang , Xiaoran Liu , Jiahao Lu , Chuanyuan Tan , Xinchi Chen , Yining Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) hold promise for tasks requiring extensive collaboration, traditional multi-agent simulators have facilitated rich explorations of an interactive artificial society that reflects collective behavior.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xianhao Yu , Jiaqi Fu , Renjia Deng , Wenjuan Han

Deep hierarchical reinforcement learning has gained a lot of attention in recent years due to its ability to produce state-of-the-art results in challenging environments where non-hierarchical frameworks fail to learn useful policies.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Marc Brittain , Peng Wei

Flow physics and more broadly physical phenomena governed by partial differential equations (PDEs), are inherently continuous, high-dimensional and often chaotic in nature. Traditionally, researchers have explored these rich spatiotemporal…

Recent advances in high-fidelity virtual environments serve as one of the major driving forces for building intelligent embodied agents to perceive, reason and interact with the physical world. Typically, these environments remain unchanged…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Qinhong Zhou , Sunli Chen , Yisong Wang , Haozhe Xu , Weihua Du , Hongxin Zhang , Yilun Du , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Chuang Gan

As intelligent systems and multi-agent coordination become increasingly central to real-world applications, there is a growing need for simulation tools that are both scalable and accessible. Existing high-fidelity simulators, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Rohan Patil , Jai Malegaonkar , Xiao Jiang , Andre Dion , Gaurav S. Sukhatme , Henrik I. Christensen

Competitive games involving thousands or even millions of players are prevalent in real-world contexts, such as transportation, communications, and computer networks. However, learning in these large-scale multi-agent environments presents…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Batuhan Yardim , Semih Cayci , Niao He