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The Ursid meteor shower is an annual shower that usually shows little activity. However, its Zenith Hourly Rate sometimes increases, usually either when its parent comet, 8P/Tuttle, is close to its perihelion or its aphelion. Outbursts when…

The Giant Stellar Stream (GSS) is a prominent tidal feature in the halo of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), representing the ongoing destruction of a satellite galaxy. In this paper, we investigate the formation of the GSS through detailed…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-01-27 Stanislav Milošević , Miroslav Mićić , Geraint F. Lewis

A meteoroid's hypersonic passage through the Earth's atmosphere results in ablational and fragmentational mass loss. Potential shock waves associated with a parent object as well as its fragments can modify the surrounding atmosphere and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-07 Mihai L. Niculescu , Elizabeth A. Silber , Reynold E. Silber

Volatile compositions of asteroids provide information on the Solar System history and the origins of Earth's volatiles. Visible to near-infrared observations at wavelengths of $<2.5\ {\rm \mu m}$ have suggested a genetic link between outer…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-21 H. Kurokawa , T. Shibuya , Y. Sekine , B. L. Ehlmann , F. Usui , S. Kikuchi , M. Yoda

The GD-1 stream is one of the longest and coldest stellar streams discovered to date, and one of the best objects for constraining the dark matter properties of the Milky Way. Using data from {\it Gaia} DR2 we study the proper motions,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-04-15 T. J. L. de Boer , D. Erkal , M. Gieles

The porosity of an asteroid is important when studying the evolution of our solar system through small bodies and for planning mitigation strategies to avoid disasters due to asteroid impacts. Our knowledge of asteroid porosity largely…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-02 Tomomi Omura , Akiko M. Nakamura

Centaurs--icy bodies orbiting beyond Jupiter and interior to Neptune--are believed to be dynamically related to Jupiter Family Comets (JFCs), which have aphelia near Jupiter's orbit and perihelia in the inner Solar System. Previous…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-23 Kevin R. Grazier , Jonathan Horner , Julie C. Castillo-Rogez

Tidally disrupted globular cluster streams are usually observed, and therefore perceived, as narrow, linear and one-dimensional structures in the 6D phase-space. Here we show that the GD-1 stellar stream ($\approx$ 30 pc wide), which is the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-08-23 Khyati Malhan , Rodrigo A. Ibata , Raymond G. Carlberg , Monica Valluri , Katherine Freese

Decays of mesons produced in cosmic ray induced air showers in Earth's atmosphere can lead to a flux of light exotic particles which can be detected in underground experiments. We evaluate the energy spectra of the light neutral mesons…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-07-07 M. Kachelriess , J. Tjemsland

We report on the discovery in the Gaia DR3 astrometric and spectroscopic catalog of a new polar stream that is found as an over-density in action space. This structure is unique as it has an extremely large apocenter distance, reaching…

NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office (MEO) produces an annual meteor shower forecast in order to help spacecraft operators assess the risk posed by meteoroid streams. Previously, this forecast focused on the International Space Station and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-16 Althea V. Moorhead , Auriane Egal , Peter G. Brown , Danielle E. Moser , William J. Cooke

Collisions are one of the key processes shaping planetary systems. Asteroid families are outcomes of such collisions still identifiable across our solar system. The families provide a unique view of catastrophic disruption phenomena and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-25 Bojan Novakovic , David Vokrouhlicky , Federica Spoto , David Nesvorny

The zodiacal cloud is a thick circumsolar disk of small debris particles produced by asteroid collisions and comets. Here, we present a zodiacal cloud model based on the orbital properties and lifetimes of comets and asteroids, and on the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 David Nesvorny , Peter Jenniskens , Harold F. Levison , William F. Bottke , David Vokrouhlicky

The dynamical evolution of long-period comets (LPCs) and their meteoroid streams is usually described with the Sun as the primary body, but over most of their orbits the Solar System barycenter (SSB) is effectively the orbital focus.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-28 Stuart Pilorz , Peter Jenniskens

Context. Orbital similarity measures, such as the D-values, have been extensively used in meteor science to identify meteoroid streams and associate meteorite falls with near-Earth objects (NEOs). However, the chaotic nature of near-Earth…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-25 Patrick M. Shober , Ariane Courtot , Jeremie Vaubaillon

The Ophiuchus stream is a short arc-like stellar feature of uncertain origin located $\sim 5$ kpc North of the Galactic centre. New proper motions from the second $Gaia$ data release reconcile the direction of motion of stream members with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-01-22 James M. M. Lane , Julio F. Navarro , Azadeh Fattahi , Kyle A. Oman , Jo Bovy

Tidal streams of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr) may be showering dark matter onto the solar system and contributing approx (0.3--23)% of the local density of our Galactic Halo. If the Sagittarius galaxy contains WIMP dark…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Katherine Freese , Paolo Gondolo , Heidi Jo Newberg

Asteroids with low orbital perihelion distances experience extreme heating from the Sun that can modify their surfaces and trigger non-typical activity mechanisms. These objects are generally difficult to observe from ground-based…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-24 Joseph R. Masiero , Yuna G. Kwon , Dar W. Dahlen , Frank J. Masci , Amy K. Mainzer

Celestial observations often exhibit inexplicable planetary dependencies when the timing of an observable is projected onto planetary heliocentric positions. This is possible only for incident, non-relativistic streams. Notably, the…

We provide context for Apophis' 2029 Earth passage by analyzing its possible source populations, in particular, the Flora family, which has a similar composition, corresponding to LL chondrite meteorites. Out of ${\sim}3380$ NEOs larger or…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-08 M. Brož , R. P. Binzel , P. Vernazza , M. Marsset , O. Chrenko , J. Ďurech , D. Herald