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To overcome the energy and bandwidth limitations of traditional IoT systems, edge computing or information extraction at the sensor node has become popular. However, now it is important to create very low energy information extraction or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-05 Sumon Kumar Bose , Bapi Kar , Mohendra Roy , Pradeep Kumar Gopalakrishnan , Zhang Lei , Aakash Patil , Arindam Basu

Progress in high-performance computing demands significant advances in memory technology. Among novel memory technologies that promise efficient device operation on a sub-ns timescale, resistance switching between charge ordered phases of…

Design of energy-efficient access networks has emerged as an important area of research, since access networks consume $80-90\%$ of the overall Internet power consumption. TWDM-PON is envisaged to be one of the widely accepted future access…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-08-31 Sourav Dutta , Dibbendu Roy , Chayan Bhar , Goutam Das

This paper presents a battery-less, self-powered water leak detection system that utilizes LoRa communication for long-range, real-time monitoring. The system harvests hydroelectric energy through a layered stack of conductive nanomaterials…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Roshan Nepal , Roozbeh Abbasi , Brandon Brown , Adunni Oginni , Norman Zhou , George Shaker

Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is a provable secure primitive to prevent access pattern leakage on the memory bus. It serves as the intermediate layer between the trusted on-chip components and the untrusted external memory systems to modulate the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Gang Liu , Kenli Li , Zheng Xiao , Rujia Wang

The embedded DRAM (eDRAM) is more and more used in System On Chip (SOC). The integration of the DRAM capacitor process into a logic process is challenging to get satisfactory yields. The specific process of DRAM capacitor and the low…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 L. Lopez , J. M. Portal , D. Nee

This paper presents OptGM, an optimized gate merging method designed to mitigate negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) in digital circuits. First, the proposed approach effectively identifies NBTI-critical internal nodes, defined as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Amir M. Hajisadeghi , Maryam Ghane , Hamid R. Zarandi

Increased process variability and reliability issues present a major challenge for future SRAM trends. Non-intrusive and accurate SRAM stability measurement is crucial for estimating yield in large SRAM arrays. Conventional SRAM variability…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Bartomeu Alorda , Cristian Carmona , Gabriel Torrens , Sebastia Bota

Memory safety bugs, such as buffer overflows and use-after-frees, are the leading causes of software safety issues in production. Software-based approaches, e.g., Address Sanitizer (ASAN), can detect such bugs with high precision, but with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mingkai Li , Hang Ye , Joseph Devietti , Suman Jana , Tanvir Ahmed Khan

The transient-execution attack Meltdown leaks sensitive information by transiently accessing inaccessible data during out-of-order execution. Although Meltdown is fixed in hardware for recent CPU generations, most currently-deployed CPUs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Daniel Weber , Fabian Thomas , Lukas Gerlach , Ruiyi Zhang , Michael Schwarz

On-chip buses are typically designed to meet performance constraints at worst-case conditions, including process corner, temperature, IR-drop, and neighboring net switching pattern. This can result in significant performance slack at more…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Himanshu Kaul , Dennis Sylvester , David Blaauw , Trevor Mudge , Todd Austin

This paper summarizes the idea of Adaptive-Latency DRAM (AL-DRAM), which was published in HPCA 2015, and examines the work's significance and future potential. AL-DRAM is a mechanism that optimizes DRAM latency based on the DRAM module and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Donghyuk Lee , Yoongu Kim , Gennady Pekhimenko , Samira Khan , Vivek Seshadri , Kevin Chang , Onur Mutlu

Split learning (SL) addresses the limitation of running deep learning inference directly on low-power edge/IoT nodes, in which it executes part of the inference process on the sensor and offloading the remainder to a companion device.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Zied Jenhani , Mounir Bensalem , Jasenka Dizdarević , Admela Jukan

A primary source of increased read time on NAND flash comes from the fact that in the presence of noise, the flash medium must be read several times using different read threshold voltages for the decoder to succeed. This paper proposes an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Borja Peleato , Rajiv Agarwal , John Cioffi , Minghai Qin , Paul H. Siegel

Many-core accelerators are essential for high-performance deep learning, but their performance is undermined by widespread fail-slow failures. Detecting such failures on-chip is challenging, as prior methods from distributed systems are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Junchi Wu , Xinfei Wan , Zhuoran Li , Yuyang Jin , Guangyu Sun , Yun Liang , Diyu Zhou , Youwei Zhuo

Due to its high density and close-to-SRAM read latency, spin transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM) is considered one of the most-promising emerging memory technologies for designing large last level caches (LLCs). However, in deep sub-micron…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Sparsh Mittal

Modern internet of things (IoT) devices leverage machine learning inference using sensed data on-device rather than offloading them to the cloud. Commonly known as inference at-the-edge, this gives many benefits to the users, including…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-03 Adrian Wheeldon , Alex Yakovlev , Rishad Shafik , Jordan Morris

Limited memory bandwidth is a critical bottleneck in modern systems. 3D-stacked DRAM enables higher bandwidth by leveraging wider Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) channels, but today's systems cannot fully exploit them due to the limited internal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2015-06-11 Donghyuk Lee , Gennady Pekhimenko , Samira Khan , Saugata Ghose , Onur Mutlu

3D DRAM has emerged as a promising approach for continued density scaling, but its viability is limited by routing and hybrid bonding constraints to periphery, which may degrade sensing margin, latency, and array efficiency. With device…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Kiseok Lee , Sungwon Cho , Seongkwang Lim , Suman Datta , Shimeng Yu

Battery-less technology evolved to replace battery usage in space, deep mines, and other environments to reduce cost and pollution. Non-volatile memory (NVM) based processors were explored for saving the system state during a power failure.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-18 SatyaJaswanth Badri , Mukesh Saini , Neeraj Goel