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Description of relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the energies of RHIC Beam Energy Scan program with fluid dynamic approach poses several challenges, one of which being a complex geometry and a longer duration of the pre-hydrodynamic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-04-26 Jakub Cimerman , Iurii Karpenko , Boris Tomášik , Barbara Antonina Trzeciak

The rapidity dependence of the initial energy density in heavy-ion collisions is calculated from a three-dimensional McLerran-Venugopalan model (3dMVn) introduced by Lam and Mahlon. This model is infrared safe since global color neutrality…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-03-12 Sener Ozonder , Rainer J. Fries

In this review, we present the motivation for using relativistic anisotropic hydrodynamics to study the physics of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. We then highlight the main ingredients of the 3+1D quasiparticle anisotropic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-12-30 Huda Alalawi , Mubarak Alqahtani , Michael Strickland

Relativistic hydrodynamics is a powerful tool to simulate the evolution of the quark gluon plasma (QGP) in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Using 10000 initial and final profiles generated from 2+1-d relativistic hydrodynamics VISH2+1…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-07-07 Hengfeng Huang , Bowen Xiao , Ziming Liu , Zeming Wu , Yadong Mu , Huichao Song

Our recently developed 2+1 (boost-invariant) hydrodynamic model has been presented and used to i) describe the soft hadronic data collected in the central region of the relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and ii) to make predictions…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-02-02 Mikolaj Chojnacki

The quality of data taken at RHIC and LHC as well as the success and sophistication of computational models for the description of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions have advanced to a level that allows for the quantitative extraction…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-03-14 Steffen A. Bass , Jonah E. Bernhard , J. Scott Moreland

We present a new 3D resolved model for the initial state of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, based on the $k_\perp$-factorized Color Glass Condensate hybrid approach. The McDIPPER framework responds to the need for a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-08-24 Oscar Garcia-Montero , Hannah Elfner , Sören Schlichting

We apply a well tested hybrid transport model, which couples viscous hydrodynamics to a hadronic afterburner, to describe bulk observables in proton-lead and lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV. The quark-gluon plasma (QGP)…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 J. Scott Moreland , Jonah E. Bernhard , Steffen A. Bass

We present a realistic treatment of the hydrodynamic evolution of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, based on the following features: initial conditions obtained from a flux tube approach, compatible with the string model and the color…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-03-14 K. Werner , Iu. Karpenko , T. Pierog , M. Bleicher , K. Mikhailov

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, a plasma of deconfined quarks and gluons is formed within $1$ fm/c of the nuclei's impact. The complex dynamics of the collision before $\approx 1$ fm/c is often described with parametric models,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-06-24 Matthew R. Heffernan , Charles Gale , Sangyong Jeon , Jean-François Paquet

State-of-the-art hydrodynamic models of heavy-ion collisions have considerable theoretical model uncertainties in the description of the very early pre-hydrodynamic stage. We add a new computational module, K$_\mathrm{T}$Iso, that describes…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-07-13 Dananjaya Liyanage , Derek Everett , Chandrodoy Chattopadhyay , Ulrich Heinz

We present ECHO-QGP, a numerical code for $(3+1)$-dimensional relativistic viscous hydrodynamics designed for the modeling of the space-time evolution of the matter created in high energy nuclear collisions. The code has been built on top…

We describe the details of 3+1 dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic code for the simulations of quark-gluon/hadron matter expansion in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. The code solves the equations of relativistic viscous…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-09-08 Iu. Karpenko , P. Huovinen , M. Bleicher

We introduce TRENTO, a new parametric initial condition model for high-energy nuclear collisions based on eikonal entropy deposition via a "reduced thickness" function. The model simultaneously describes experimental proton-proton,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-07-07 J. Scott Moreland , Jonah E. Bernhard , Steffen A. Bass

High-energy nuclear collisions encompass three key stages: the structure of the colliding nuclei informed by low-energy nuclear physics, the initial condition (IC) leading to the formation of quark-gluon plasma (QGP), and the hydrodynamic…

Experimental data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) suggests that the quark gluon plasma behaves almost like an ideal fluid. Due to its short lifetime, many QGP properties can only be inferred indirectly through a comparison…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-03 Hannah Petersen , Rolando La Placa , Steffen A. Bass

We present a numerical code modeling the evolution of the medium formed in relativistic heavy ion collisions, ECHO-QGP. The code solves relativistic hydrodynamics in $(3+1)-$D, with dissipative terms included within the framework of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-22 Valentina Rolando , Gabriele Inghirami , Andrea Beraudo , Luca Del Zanna , Francesco Becattini , Vinod Chandra , Arturo De Pace , Marzia Nardi

I develop and apply a Bayesian method for quantitatively estimating properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), an extremely hot and dense state of fluid-like matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The QGP cannot be directly…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-04-19 Jonah E. Bernhard

We develop a far-from-equilibrium hydrodynamic model to evolve ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions in event-by-event simulations. Anisotropic hydrodynamics is designed to better handle the strong and highly anisotropic expansion during…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-05-14 Mike McNelis

In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, a nearly perfect fluid is formed, known as the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP). After a short thermalization period, the evolution of this medium can be described by the equations of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-10 Gábor László Kasza