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In a number of applications, particularly in financial and actuarial mathematics, it is of interest to characterize the tail distribution of a random variable $V$ satisfying the distributional equation $V\stackrel{\mathcal{D}}{=}f(V)$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-07-04 Jeffrey F. Collamore , Guoqing Diao , Anand N. Vidyashankar

Over the last few decades power law distributions have been suggested as forming generative mechanisms in a variety of disparate fields, such as, astrophysics, criminology and database curation. However, fitting these heavy tailed…

Computation · Statistics 2014-08-26 Colin S. Gillespie

We consider the tail distribution of the edge cover time of a specific non-Markov process, $\delta$ once-reinforced random walk, on finite connected graphs, whose transition probability is proportional to weights of edges. Here the weights…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-09 Xiangyu Huang , Yong Liu , Kainan Xiang

The possibilities of the use of the coefficient of variation over a high threshold in tail modelling are discussed. The paper also considers multiple threshold tests for a generalized Pareto distribution, together with a threshold selection…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-02 J. Castillo , M. Padilla

In traditional extreme value analysis, the bulk of the data is ignored, and only the tails of the distribution are used for inference. Extreme observations are specified as values that exceed a threshold or as maximum values over distinct…

Applications · Statistics 2021-10-20 Mitchell Krock , Julie Bessac , Michael L. Stein , Adam H. Monahan

We introduce the \textsc{Tailed-Uniform} proposal distribution for generating training simulations in simulation-based inference. Instead of sampling parameters uniformly within bounded regions, we extend the distribution beyond prior…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-27 Chaipat Tirapongprasert , Matthew Ho

In recent years, various notions of capacity and complexity have been proposed for characterizing the generalization properties of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in deep learning. Some of the popular notions that correlate well with the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-15 Mert Gurbuzbalaban , Umut Şimşekli , Lingjiong Zhu

In extreme value inference it is a fundamental problem how the target value is required to be extreme by the extreme value theory. In iid settings this study both theoretically and numerically compares tail estimators, which are based on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Taku Moriyama

We introduce a trimmed version of the Hill estimator for the index of a heavy-tailed distribution, which is robust to perturbations in the extreme order statistics. In the ideal Pareto setting, the estimator is essentially finite-sample…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-15 Shrijita Bhattacharya , Michael Kallitsis , Stilian Stoev

This work studies applications and generalizations of a simple estimation technique that provides exponential concentration under heavy-tailed distributions, assuming only bounded low-order moments. We show that the technique can be used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-19 Daniel Hsu , Sivan Sabato

In this paper, we consider the problem of linear regression with heavy-tailed distributions. Different from previous studies that use the squared loss to measure the performance, we choose the absolute loss, which is capable of estimating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Lijun Zhang , Zhi-Hua Zhou

This paper addresses the problem of estimating the tail index of distributions with heavy, Pareto-type tails for dependent data, that is of interest in the areas of finance, insurance, environmental monitoring and teletraffic analysis. A…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-05-25 Stilian A Stoev , George Michailidis

Modelling multivariate tail dependence is one of the key challenges in extreme-value theory. Multivariate extremes are usually characterized using parametric models, some of which have simpler submodels at the boundary of their parameter…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-12-17 Anna Kiriliouk

Despite the successes of probabilistic models based on passing noise through neural networks, recent work has identified that such methods often fail to capture tail behavior accurately, unless the tails of the base distribution are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-16 Feynman Liang , Liam Hodgkinson , Michael W. Mahoney

Most extreme events in real life can be faithfully modeled as random realizations from a Generalized Pareto distribution, which depends on two parameters: the scale and the shape. In many actual situations, one is mostly concerned with the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-30 Paul Rochet , Isabel Serra

In class incremental learning (CIL) a model must learn new classes in a sequential manner without forgetting old ones. However, conventional CIL methods consider a balanced distribution for each new task, which ignores the prevalence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Xialei Liu , Yu-Song Hu , Xu-Sheng Cao , Andrew D. Bagdanov , Ke Li , Ming-Ming Cheng

We examine statistical pictures of violent conflicts over the last 2000 years, finding techniques for dealing with incompleteness and unreliability of historical data. We introduce a novel approach to apply extreme value theory to…

Applications · Statistics 2016-09-05 Pasquale Cirillo , Nassim Nicholas Taleb

We establish a statistical learning theoretical framework aimed at extrapolation, or out-of-domain generalization, on the unobserved tails of covariates in continuous regression problems. Our strategy involves performing statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-15 Stephan Clémençon , Nathan Huet , Anne Sabourin

We consider removing lower order statistics from the classical Hill estimator in extreme value statistics, and compensating for it by rescaling the remaining terms. Trajectories of these trimmed statistics as a function of the extent of…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-30 Martin Bladt , Hansjoerg Albrecher , Jan Beirlant

Class Incremental Learning (CIL) requires models to continuously learn new classes without forgetting previously learned ones, while maintaining stable performance across all possible class sequences. In real-world settings, the order in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Guannan Lai , Da-Wei Zhou , Xin Yang , Han-Jia Ye