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Developing a suitable Deep Neural Network (DNN) often requires significant iteration, where different model versions are evaluated and compared. While metrics such as accuracy are a powerful means to succinctly describe a model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Eldon Schoop , Ben Wedin , Andrei Kapishnikov , Tolga Bolukbasi , Michael Terry

Neural networks are becoming increasingly better at tasks that involve classifying and recognizing images. At the same time techniques intended to explain the network output have been proposed. One such technique is the Gradient-based Class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Mirtha Lucas , Miguel Lerma , Jacob Furst , Daniela Raicu

A major obstacle to achieving global convergence in distributed and federated learning is the misalignment of gradients across clients, or mini-batches due to heterogeneity and stochasticity of the distributed data. In this work, we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Yatin Dandi , Luis Barba , Martin Jaggi

Gaussian Process (GP) models are a powerful tool in probabilistic machine learning with a solid theoretical foundation. Thanks to current advances, modeling complex data with GPs is becoming increasingly feasible, which makes them an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Sarem Seitz

Interpreting the decisions of complex computer vision models is crucial to establish trust and accountability, especially in safety-critical domains. An established approach to interpretability is generating visual attribution maps that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 David Schinagl , Christian Fruhwirth-Reisinger , Alexander Prutsch , Samuel Schulter , Horst Possegger

The explication of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) through xAI techniques often poses challenges in interpretation. The inherent complexity of input features, notably pixels extracted from images, engenders complex correlations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Caroline Mazini Rodrigues , Nicolas Boutry , Laurent Najman

With the remarkable success of deep neural networks, there is a growing interest in research aimed at providing clear interpretations of their decision-making processes. In this paper, we introduce Attribution Equilibrium, a novel method to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Woo-Jeoung Nam , Seong-Whan Lee

Gradient descent can be surprisingly good at optimizing deep neural networks without overfitting and without explicit regularization. We find that the discrete steps of gradient descent implicitly regularize models by penalizing gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 David G. T. Barrett , Benoit Dherin

Complex planning and scheduling problems have long been solved using various optimization or heuristic approaches. In recent years, imitation learning that aims to learn from expert demonstrations has been proposed as a viable alternative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Qian Shao , Pradeep Varakantham , Shih-Fen Cheng

We introduce Generalized Integrated Gradients (GIG), a formal extension of the Integrated Gradients (IG) (Sundararajan et al., 2017) method for attributing credit to the input variables of a predictive model. GIG improves IG by explaining a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-10 John Merrill , Geoff Ward , Sean Kamkar , Jay Budzik , Douglas Merrill

The optimization algorithms are crucial in training physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), as unsuitable methods may lead to poor solutions. Compared to the common gradient descent (GD) algorithm, implicit gradient descent (IGD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Xianliang Xu , Ting Du , Wang Kong , Bin Shan , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

This paper introduces a novel approach to addressing uncertainty and associated risks in power system management, focusing on the discrepancies between forecasted and actual values of load demand and renewable power generation. By employing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-12 Rene Carmona , Ronnie Sircar , Xinshuo Yang

Widespread adoption of deep models has motivated a pressing need for approaches to interpret network outputs and to facilitate model debugging. Instance attribution methods constitute one means of accomplishing these goals by retrieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Sarthak Jain , Byron C. Wallace , Sameer Singh

Integrated Gradients as an attribution method for deep neural network models offers simple implementability. However, it suffers from noisiness of explanations which affects the ease of interpretability. The SmoothGrad technique is proposed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Gary S. W. Goh , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Leander Weber , Wojciech Samek , Alexander Binder

In a variety of problems originating in supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, the loss function is defined by an expectation over a collection of random variables, which might be part of a probabilistic model or the external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-06 John Schulman , Nicolas Heess , Theophane Weber , Pieter Abbeel

Deep neural networks and in particular, deep neural classifiers have become an integral part of many modern applications. Despite their practical success, we still have limited knowledge of how they work and the demand for such an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Hamid Karimi , Tyler Derr , Jiliang Tang

Attribution maps are one of the most established tools to explain the functioning of computer vision models. They assign importance scores to input features, indicating how relevant each feature is for the prediction of a deep neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Robin Hesse , Simone Schaub-Meyer , Stefan Roth

Attributing the output of a neural network to the contribution of given input elements is a way of shedding light on the black-box nature of neural networks. Due to the complexity of current network architectures, current gradient-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Ashkan Khakzar , Soroosh Baselizadeh , Saurabh Khanduja , Christian Rupprecht , Seong Tae Kim , Nassir Navab

Discrete choice models are fundamental tools in management science, economics, and marketing for understanding and predicting decision-making. Logit-based models are dominant in applied work, largely due to their convenient closed-form…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-06 Easton Huch , Michael Keane

We provide rigorous proofs that the Integrated Gradients (IG) attribution method for deep networks satisfies completeness and symmetry-preserving properties. We also study the uniqueness of IG as a path method preserving symmetry.

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Miguel Lerma , Mirtha Lucas