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Labeling data is an important step in the supervised machine learning lifecycle. It is a laborious human activity comprised of repeated decision making: the human labeler decides which of several potential labels to apply to each example.…

As artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) models and foundation models (FMs), is increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains, ensuring their trustworthiness has become a central challenge. However, the core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ruta Binkyte , Ivaxi Sheth , Zhijing Jin , Mohammad Havaei , Bernhard Schölkopf , Mario Fritz

The increasing use of AI technologies has led to increasing AI incidents, posing risks and causing harm to individuals, organizations, and society. This study recognizes and addresses the lack of standardized protocols for reliably and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Avinash Agarwal , Manisha J Nene

In the past few decades, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has experienced swift developments, changing everyone's daily life and profoundly altering the course of human society. The intention of developing AI is to benefit humans, by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Haochen Liu , Yiqi Wang , Wenqi Fan , Xiaorui Liu , Yaxin Li , Shaili Jain , Yunhao Liu , Anil K. Jain , Jiliang Tang

To achieve the promoted benefits of an AI symptom checker, laypeople must trust and subsequently follow its instructions. In AI, explanations are seen as a tool to communicate the rationale behind black-box decisions to encourage trust and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Claire Woodcock , Brent Mittelstadt , Dan Busbridge , Grant Blank

In reaction to growing concerns about the potential harms of artificial intelligence (AI), societies have begun to demand more transparency about how AI models and systems are created and used. To address these concerns, several efforts…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-13 David Piorkowski , John Richards , Michael Hind

The trustworthiness of AI is considered essential to the adoption and application of AI systems. However, the meaning of trust varies across industry, research and policy spaces. Studies suggest that professionals who develop and use AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Lameck Mbangula Amugongo , Nicola J Bidwell , Joseph Mwatukange

Artificial intelligence (AI) has huge potential to improve the health and well-being of people, but adoption in clinical practice is still limited. Lack of transparency is identified as one of the main barriers to implementation, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Aniek F. Markus , Jan A. Kors , Peter R. Rijnbeek

Thanks to the great progress of machine learning in the last years, several Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have been increasingly moving from the controlled research laboratory settings to our everyday life. AI is clearly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Tatiana Tommasi , Silvia Bucci , Barbara Caputo , Pietro Asinari

AI-generated images are increasingly prevalent on social media, raising concerns about trust and authenticity. This study investigates how different levels of label detail (basic, moderate, maximum) and content stakes (high vs. low)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Jingruo Chen , TungYen Wang , Marie Williams , Natalia Jordan , Mingyi Shao , Linda Zhang , Susan R. Fussell

Machine learning applications have become ubiquitous. This has led to an increased effort of making machine learning trustworthy. Explainable and fair AI have already matured. They address knowledgeable users and application engineers. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Katharina Morik , Helena Kotthaus , Lukas Heppe , Danny Heinrich , Raphael Fischer , Andreas Pauly , Nico Piatkowski

Accelerated material discovery increasingly relies on artificial intelligence and machine learning, collectively termed "AI/ML". A key challenge in using AI is ensuring that human scientists trust the models are valid and reliable.…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-02 Benhour Amirian , Ashley S. Dale , Sergei Kalinin , Jason Hattrick-Simpers

When making strategic decisions, we are often confronted with overwhelming information to process. The situation can be further complicated when some pieces of evidence are contradicted each other or paradoxical. The challenge then becomes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Caesar Wu , Yuan-Fang Lib , Pascal Bouvry

Human feedback is critical for aligning AI systems to human values. As AI capabilities improve and AI is used to tackle more challenging tasks, verifying quality and safety becomes increasingly challenging. This paper explores how we can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Rishub Jain , Sophie Bridgers , Lili Janzer , Rory Greig , Tian Huey Teh , Vladimir Mikulik

As generative AI is increasingly contributing to the spread of deceptively realistic misinformation, lawmakers have introduced regulations requiring the disclosure of AI-generated content. However, it is unclear if labels reduce the risk of…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Auditability is a core requirement for achieving responsible AI system design. However, it is not yet a prominent design feature in current applications. Existing AI auditing tools typically lack integration…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Laura Waltersdorfer , Fajar J. Ekaputra , Tomasz Miksa , Marta Sabou

AI systems increasingly shape critical decisions across personal and societal domains. While empirical risk minimization (ERM) drives much of the AI success, it typically prioritizes accuracy over trustworthiness, often resulting in biases,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Diana Pfau , Alexander Jung

To facilitate the widespread acceptance of AI systems guiding decision-making in real-world applications, it is key that solutions comprise trustworthy, integrated human-AI systems. Not only in safety-critical applications such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Florian Buettner , John Piorkowski , Ian McCulloh , Ulli Waltinger

The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in our daily life through various applications, services, and products explains the significance of trust/distrust in AI from a user perspective. AI-driven systems (as opposed to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Saleh Afroogh , Ali Akbari , Evan Malone , Mohammadali Kargar , Hananeh Alambeigi

The promise of AI is huge. AI systems have already achieved good enough performance to be in our streets and in our homes. However, they can be brittle and unfair. For society to reap the benefits of AI systems, society needs to be able to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Jeannette M. Wing