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Equivariant models leverage prior knowledge on symmetries to improve predictive performance, but misspecified architectural constraints can harm it instead. While work has explored learning or relaxing constraints, selecting among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Putri A. van der Linden , Alexander Timans , Dharmesh Tailor , Erik J. Bekkers

Neural Collapse (NC) is a well-known phenomenon of deep neural networks in the terminal phase of training (TPT). It is characterized by the collapse of features and classifier into a symmetrical structure, known as simplex equiangular tight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Peifeng Gao , Qianqian Xu , Yibo Yang , Peisong Wen , Huiyang Shao , Zhiyong Yang , Bernard Ghanem , Qingming Huang

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) comprise important symmetry properties, which can influence the performance of Monte Carlo methods in Neuroevolution. The problem of the symmetries is also known as the competing conventions problem or…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2011-07-25 Onay Urfalioglu , Orhan Arikan

This study examines the generalization ability of algorithm performance prediction models across various benchmark suites. Comparing the statistical similarity between the problem collections with the accuracy of performance prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Ana Nikolikj , Ana Kostovska , Gjorgjina Cenikj , Carola Doerr , Tome Eftimov

Machine learning algorithms are increasingly used to inform critical decisions. There is a growing concern about bias, that algorithms may produce uneven outcomes for individuals in different demographic groups. In this work, we measure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Runshan Fu , Yangfan Liang , Peter Zhang

Calibration is a fundamental property of a good predictive model: it requires that the model predicts correctly in proportion to its confidence. Modern neural networks, however, provide no strong guarantees on their calibration -- and can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 A. Michael Carrell , Neil Mallinar , James Lucas , Preetum Nakkiran

Any representation of data involves arbitrary investigator choices. Because those choices are external to the data-generating process, each choice leads to an exact symmetry, corresponding to the group of transformations that takes one…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-29 Soledad Villar , David W. Hogg , Weichi Yao , George A. Kevrekidis , Bernhard Schölkopf

Virtually any model we use in machine learning to make predictions does not perfectly represent reality. So, most of the learning happens under model misspecification. In this work, we present a novel analysis of the generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Andres R. Masegosa

This large scale study focuses on quantifying what X-rays diagnostic prediction tasks generalize well across multiple different datasets. We present evidence that the issue of generalization is not due to a shift in the images but instead a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-26 Joseph Paul Cohen , Mohammad Hashir , Rupert Brooks , Hadrien Bertrand

While data augmentation is widely used to train symmetry-agnostic models, it remains unclear how quickly and effectively they learn to respect symmetries. We investigate this by deriving a principled measure of equivariance error that, for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Max W. Shen , Ewa Nowara , Michael Maser , Kyunghyun Cho

That shared features between train and test data are required for generalisation in artificial neural networks has been a common assumption of both proponents and critics of these models. Here, we show that convolutional architectures avoid…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Jeff Mitchell , Jeffrey S. Bowers

Data augmentation is used in machine learning to make the classifier invariant to label-preserving transformations. Usually this invariance is only encouraged implicitly by including a single augmented input during training. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Aleksander Botev , Matthias Bauer , Soham De

This dissertation studies a fundamental open challenge in deep learning theory: why do deep networks generalize well even while being overparameterized, unregularized and fitting the training data to zero error? In the first part of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Vaishnavh Nagarajan

Effective machine learning models can automatically learn useful information from a large quantity of data and provide decisions in a high accuracy. These models may, however, lead to unfair predictions in certain sense among the population…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Mingliang Chen , Min Wu

Deep neural networks generalize well despite being heavily overparameterized, in apparent contradiction with classical learning theory based on uniform convergence over fixed hypothesis spaces. Uniform bounds over the entire parameter space…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-15 Hubert Leroux , Jean Marcus , Julien Roger

Group imbalance has been a known problem in empirical risk minimization (ERM), where the achieved high average accuracy is accompanied by low accuracy in a minority group. Despite algorithmic efforts to improve the minority group accuracy,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-20 Hongkang Li , Shuai Zhang , Yihua Zhang , Meng Wang , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen

Recent advances in deep learning and Transformers have driven major breakthroughs in robotics by employing techniques such as imitation learning, reinforcement learning, and LLM-based multimodal perception and decision-making. However,…

Equivariant neural networks incorporate symmetries into their architecture, achieving higher generalization performance. However, constructing equivariant neural networks typically requires prior knowledge of data types and symmetries,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Lexiang Hu , Yikang Li , Zhouchen Lin

In this paper, we study the classic submodular maximization problem subject to a group equality constraint under both non-adaptive and adaptive settings. It has been shown that the utility function of many machine learning applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Shaojie Tang , Jing Yuan

Deep learning models have proven enormously successful at using multiple layers of representation to learn relevant features of structured data. Encoding physical symmetries into these models can improve performance on difficult tasks, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Cassidy Ashworth , Pietro Liò , Francesco Caso