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Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) show great promise for real-world embedded devices. As one of the critical steps to achieve a powerful BNN, the scale factor calculation plays an essential role in reducing the performance gap to their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Sheng Xu , Yanjing Li , Tiancheng Wang , Teli Ma , Baochang Zhang , Peng Gao , Yu Qiao , Jinhu Lv , Guodong Guo

We can compare the expressiveness of neural networks that use rectified linear units (ReLUs) by the number of linear regions, which reflect the number of pieces of the piecewise linear functions modeled by such networks. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Thiago Serra , Srikumar Ramalingam

Since graph neural networks (GNNs) are often vulnerable to attack, we need to know when we can trust them. We develop a computationally effective approach towards providing robust certificates for message-passing neural networks (MPNNs)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-22 Christopher Hojny , Shiqiang Zhang , Juan S. Campos , Ruth Misener

In this paper, we study certifying the robustness of ReLU neural networks against adversarial input perturbations. To diminish the relaxation error suffered by the popular linear programming (LP) and semidefinite programming (SDP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Brendon G. Anderson , Ziye Ma , Jingqi Li , Somayeh Sojoudi

Convex functions and their gradients play a critical role in mathematical imaging, from proximal optimization to Optimal Transport. The successes of deep learning has led many to use learning-based methods, where fixed functions or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Anne Gagneux , Mathurin Massias , Emmanuel Soubies , Rémi Gribonval

Deep neural networks have been widely adopted in many vision and robotics applications with visual inputs. It is essential to verify its robustness against semantic transformation perturbations, such as brightness and contrast. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Hanjiang Hu , Bowei Li , Ziwei Wang , Tianhao Wei , Casidhe Hutchison , Eric Sample , Changliu Liu

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) such as Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks have become popular in a variety of applications such as image processing, data classification, speech recognition, and as controllers in autonomous systems. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Sara Mohammadinejad , Brandon Paulsen , Chao Wang , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) have been garnering interest thanks to their compute cost reduction and memory savings. However, BNNs suffer from performance degradation mainly due to the gradient mismatch caused by binarizing activations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Hyungjun Kim , Kyungsu Kim , Jinseok Kim , Jae-Joon Kim

Neural networks can learn complex, non-convex functions, and it is challenging to guarantee their correct behavior in safety-critical contexts. Many approaches exist to find failures in networks (e.g., adversarial examples), but these…

We study the role of depth in training randomly initialized overparameterized neural networks. We give a general result showing that depth improves trainability of neural networks by improving the conditioning of certain kernel matrices of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Naman Agarwal , Pranjal Awasthi , Satyen Kale

Lipschitz-constrained neural networks have many applications in machine learning. Since designing and training expressive Lipschitz-constrained networks is very challenging, there is a need for improved methods and a better theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Sebastian Neumayer , Alexis Goujon , Pakshal Bohra , Michael Unser

We extended the work of proposed activation function, Noisy Softplus, to fit into training of layered up spiking neural networks (SNNs). Thus, any ANN employing Noisy Softplus neurons, even of deep architecture, can be trained simply by the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Qian Liu , Yunhua Chen , Steve Furber

Verification of deep neural networks has witnessed a recent surge of interest, fueled by success stories in diverse domains and by abreast concerns about safety and security in envisaged applications. Complexity and sheer size of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Dario Guidotti , Francesco Leofante , Luca Pulina , Armando Tacchella

Private computation of nonlinear functions, such as Rectified Linear Units (ReLUs) and max-pooling operations, in deep neural networks (DNNs) poses significant challenges in terms of storage, bandwidth, and time consumption. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Toluwani Aremu

This article is concerned with the approximation and expressive powers of deep neural networks. This is an active research area currently producing many interesting papers. The results most commonly found in the literature prove that neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-08 I. Daubechies , R. DeVore , S. Foucart , B. Hanin , G. Petrova

Low bit-width weights and activations are an effective way of combating the increasing need for both memory and compute power of Deep Neural Networks. In this work, we present a probabilistic training method for Neural Network with both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Jorn W. T. Peters , Max Welling

We propose ReDense as a simple and low complexity way to improve the performance of trained neural networks. We use a combination of random weights and rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function to add a ReLU dense (ReDense) layer to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Alireza M. Javid , Sandipan Das , Mikael Skoglund , Saikat Chatterjee

Recent works have shown that interval bound propagation (IBP) can be used to train verifiably robust neural networks. Reseachers observe an intriguing phenomenon on these IBP trained networks: CROWN, a bounding method based on tight linear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Zhaoyang Lyu , Minghao Guo , Tong Wu , Guodong Xu , Kehuan Zhang , Dahua Lin

A wide variety of activation functions have been proposed for neural networks. The Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) is especially popular today. There are many practical reasons that motivate the use of the ReLU. This paper provides new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-19 Rahul Parhi , Robert D. Nowak

Verifying the robustness property of a general Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) network is an NP-complete problem [Katz, Barrett, Dill, Julian and Kochenderfer CAV17]. Although finding the exact minimum adversarial distortion is hard, giving a…