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The application layer of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a growing source of security vulnerabilities, as developers often neglect to implement critical protections such as encryption, authentication, and freshness. While formal verification…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Biwei Yan , Yue Zhang , Minghui Xu , Runyu Pan , Jinku Li , Xiuzhen Cheng

Due to the COVID 19 pandemic, smartphone-based proximity tracing systems became of utmost interest. Many of these systems use BLE signals to estimate the distance between two persons. The quality of this method depends on many factors and,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Eric Lanfer , Thomas Hänel , Roland van Rijswijk-Deij , Nils Aschenbruck

We investigate Apple's Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Continuity protocol, designed to support interoperability and communication between iOS and macOS devices, and show that the price for this seamless experience is leakage of identifying…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Jeremy Martin , Douglas Alpuche , Kristina Bodeman , Lamont Brown , Ellis Fenske , Lucas Foppe , Travis Mayberry , Erik C. Rye , Brandon Sipes , Sam Teplov

IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) is an emerging technology to enable ubiquitous IoT services. However, there are very few studies of the performance evaluation on real hardware environments. This paper…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-09-24 Varat Chawathaworncharoen , Vasaka Visoottiviseth , Ryousei Takano

Binary embedding of high-dimensional data requires long codes to preserve the discriminative power of the input space. Traditional binary coding methods often suffer from very high computation and storage costs in such a scenario. To…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-14 Felix X. Yu , Sanjiv Kumar , Yunchao Gong , Shih-Fu Chang

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is one of the key enablers for low-power and low-cost applications in consumer electronics and the Internet of Things. The latest features such as audio and direction finding will introduce more and more devices…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Julian Karoliny , Thomas Blazek , Andreas Springer , Hans-Peter Bernhard

To defeat security threats such as man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 4.2 and 5.x introduce the Secure Connections Only mode, under which a BLE device accepts only secure paring protocols including Passkey Entry…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Yue Zhang , Jian Weng , Rajib Dey , Yier Jin , Zhiqiang Lin , Xinwen Fu

Deep learning-based radio frequency fingerprinting (RFFP) has become an enabling physical-layer security technology, allowing device identification and authentication through received RF signals. This technology, however, faces significant…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Haytham Albousayri , Bechir Hamdaoui , Weng-Keen Wong , Nora Basha

Small satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) attract much attention from both industry and academia. The latest production and launch technologies constantly drive the development of LEO constellations. However, the wideband signal, except…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Zhuoao Xu , Yue Gao , Gaojie Chen , Ryan Fernandez , Vedaprabhu Basavarajappa , Rahim Tafazolli

This paper provides a robust, scalable Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) based indoor localization solution using commodity hardware. While WiFi-based indoor localization has been widely studied, BLE has emerged a key technology for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Subham De , Deepak Vasisht , Hari Sundaram , Robin Kravets

In recent years researchers have demonstrated how attackers could use USB connectors implanted with RF transmitters to exfiltrate data from secure, and even air-gapped, computers (e.g., COTTONMOUTH in the leaked NSA ANT catalog). Such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Mordechai Guri , Matan Monitz , Yuval Elovici

We present a novel multi-scale embedding scheme that links conventional QM/MM embedding and bootstrap embedding (BE) to allow simulations of large chemical systems on limited quantum devices. We also propose a mixed-basis BE scheme that…

Backscatter communication offers a promising solution to connect massive Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices with low cost and high energy efficiency. Nevertheless, its inherently passive nature limits transmission reliability, thereby…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Hao Chen , Zhizhi Huang , Ying-Chang Liang , Robert Schober

Backscatter communication (BC) has emerged as a key technology to satisfy the increasing need for low-cost and green Internet-of-Things (IoT) connectivity, especially in large-scale deployments. Unlike the monostatic BC (MoBC), the bistatic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-26 Ahmet Kaplan , Diana P. M. Osorio , Erik G. Larsson

Binary embeddings provide efficient and powerful ways to perform operations on large scale data. However binary embedding typically requires long codes in order to preserve the discriminative power of the input space. Thus binary coding…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-12-08 Felix X. Yu , Aditya Bhaskara , Sanjiv Kumar , Yunchao Gong , Shih-Fu Chang

Enabling direct communication between wireless technologies immediately brings significant benefits including, but not limited to, cross-technology interference mitigation and context-aware smart operation. To explore the opportunities, we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Song Min Kim , Shigemi Ishida , Shuai Wang , Tian He

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons have been increasingly used in smart city applications, such as location-based and proximity-based services, to enable Internet of Things to interact with people in vicinity or enhance context-awareness.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Aldar C-F. Chan , Raymond M. H. Chung

The field of backscatter communication has undergone a profound transformation, evolving from a niche technology for radio-frequency identification (RFID) into a sophisticated paradigm poised to enable a truly battery-free Internet of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Yang Liu

WiFi backscatter tags can enable direct connectivity of IoT devices with commodity WiFi hardware at low power. However, most state of the art backscatter tag implementations in this area have limited transmitter to tag range, are not…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-17 Manideep Dunna , Shihkai Kuo , Akshit Agarwal , Patrick Mercier , Dinesh Bharadia

The remote identification (Remote ID) broadcast capability allows unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to exchange messages, which is a pivotal technology for inter-UAV communications. Although this capability enhances the operational…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yian Zhu , Ziye Jia , Lei Zhang , Yao Wu , Qiuming Zhu , Qihui Wu