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The outer heliosphere is a dynamic region shaped largely by the interaction between the solar wind and the interstellar medium. While interplanetary magnetic field and plasma observations by the Voyager spacecraft have significantly…

Space Physics · Physics 2016-12-07 T. K. Kim , N. V. Pogorelov , G. P. Zank , H. A. Elliott , D. J. McComas

Stratospheric aerosols play an important role in the earth system and can affect the climate on timescales of months to years. However, estimating the characteristics of partially observed aerosol injections, such as those from volcanic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 J. Hart , I. Manickam , M. Gulian , L. Swiler , D. Bull , T. Ehrmann , H. Brown , B. Wagman , J. Watkins

Solar wind classification is conducive to understand the physical processes ongoing at the Sun and solar wind evolution in the interplanetary space, and furthermore, it is helpful for early warning of space weather events. With rapid…

Space Physics · Physics 2019-08-26 Hui Li , Chi Wang , Cui Tu , Fei Xu

The solar wind is a dynamic plasma outflow that shapes heliospheric conditions and drives space weather. Identifying its large-scale phenomena is crucial, yet the increasing volume of high-cadence Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations poses…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-03 Valmir P Moraes Filho , Daniela Martin , Jasmine R. Kobayashi , Connor O'Brien , Jinsu Hong , Evangelia Samara , Joseph Gallego

Solar wind back-mapping is a combination of ballistic mapping and magnetic mapping. By examining the different model ingredients that can affect the derived back-mapped position, we aim to provide a more precise estimate of the source…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-12 Alexandros Koukras , Laurent Dolla , Rony Keppens

In this work we demonstrate the possibility of estimating the wind environment of a UAV without specialised sensors, using only the UAV's trajectory, applying a causal machine learning approach. We implement the causal curiosity method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Abdulaziz Alwalan , Miguel Arana-Catania

Quantifying the uncertainty of wind energy potential from climate models is a very time-consuming task and requires a considerable amount of computational resources. A statistical model trained on a small set of runs can act as a stochastic…

Applications · Statistics 2017-11-13 Jaehong Jeong , Yuan Yan , Stefano Castruccio , Marc G. Genton

Accurately predicting the z-component of the interplanetary magnetic field, particularly during the passage of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME), is a crucial objective for space weather predictions. Currently, only a handful…

Space Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Pete Riley , M. A. Reiss , C. Mostl

During the last decades, international attempts have been made to develop realistic space weather prediction tools aiming to forecast the conditions on the Sun and in the interplanetary environment. These efforts have led to the development…

Wind energy is becoming an increasingly crucial component of a sustainable grid, but its inherent variability and limited predictability present challenges for grid operators. The energy sector needs novel forecasting techniques that can…

Applications · Statistics 2023-12-05 Zheng Dong , Hanyu Zhang , Shixiang Zhu , Yao Xie , Pascal Van Hentenryck

In scientific applications, predictive modeling is often of limited use without accurate uncertainty quantification (UQ) to indicate when a model may be extrapolating or when more data needs to be collected. Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Scott Koermer , Natalie Klein

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) can reach the Earth's magnetosphere causing magnetic disturbances. It can be measured by satellite and ground-based magnetometers. Data from the ACE satellite and from the geomagnetic field was…

Erroneous GNSS positioning, failures in spacecraft operations and power outages due to geomagnetically induced currents are severe threats originating from space weather. Having knowledge of potential impacts on modern society in advance is…

Space Physics · Physics 2021-06-29 Carsten Baumann , Aoife E. McCloskey

Understanding complex spatial dependency structures is a crucial consideration when attempting to build a modeling framework for wind speeds. Ideally, wind speed modeling should be very efficient since the wind speed can vary significantly…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-28 Matthew de Bie , Janet van Niekerk , Andriette Bekker

Space weather is among the most powerful and least understood forces shaping planetary atmospheres. In our Solar System, we observe its effects directly: atmospheric escape, chemical disruption, and spectacular auroral displays. Yet for…

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and high speed solar streams serve as perturbations to the background solar wind that have major implications in space weather dynamics. Therefore, a robust framework for accurate predictions of the background…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-28 Sandeep Kumar , Arghyadeep Paul , Bhargav Vaidya

The Best Estimate plus Uncertainty (BEPU) approach for nuclear systems modeling and simulation requires that the prediction uncertainty must be quantified in order to prove that the investigated design stays within acceptance criteria. A…

Computation · Statistics 2023-03-24 Ziyu Xie , Farah Alsafadi , Xu Wu

In modern process industries, data-driven models are important tools for real-time monitoring when key performance indicators are difficult to measure directly. While accurate predictions are essential, reliable uncertainty quantification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yiran Ma , Jerome Le Ny , Zhichao Chen , Zhihuan Song

Space weather predictions of the solar wind impacting Earth are usually first based on remote-sensing observations of the solar disc and corona, and eventually validated and/or refined with in-situ measurements taken at the Sun$-$Earth…

Space Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Erika Palmerio

Exposure assessment is fundamental to air pollution cohort studies. The objective is to predict air pollution exposures for study subjects at locations without data in order to optimize our ability to learn about health effects of air…

Applications · Statistics 2024-06-05 Si Cheng , Magali N. Blanco , Lianne Sheppard , Ali Shojaie , Adam Szpiro