The Exospace Weather Frontier
Abstract
Space weather is among the most powerful and least understood forces shaping planetary atmospheres. In our Solar System, we observe its effects directly: atmospheric escape, chemical disruption, and spectacular auroral displays. Yet for exoplanets, we lack the tools and data to comprehensively assess the impacts of space weather, especially invisible elements like stellar winds, coronal mass ejections, energetic particles, and variable interplanetary magnetic fields. This problem lies at the intersection of four key fields: heliophysics, planetary science, astrobiology, and astrophysics. In 2023--2025, experts from these four fields convened at the W. M. Keck Institute for Space Studies to explore pathways for advancing the study of exospace weather. Organizing the subject into five core themes -- planets and their stellar particle environments, stellar magnetism and space weather modeling, quasi-steady stellar winds, transient events, and programmatic pathways -- our team synthesized concepts from across relevant fields and identified a wide array of opportunities for progress. This report is the product of that effort. It assembles cross-disciplinary knowledge; highlights outstanding theoretical challenges; explores promising innovations in observation, modeling, methodology, and instrumentation; and makes recommendations for accelerating community-wide progress. Together, these lay out a path to transforming the challenging, yet tractable problem of exospace weather into a foundational element of our understanding exoplanetary systems, and our own Solar System, in their entirety.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2511.02871,
title = {The Exospace Weather Frontier},
author = {R. O. Parke Loyd and Evgenya L. Shkolnik and Joseph Lazio and Gregg W. Hallinan and Julián Alvarado-Gómez and Laura Amaral and Ivey Davis and Alison Farrish and James Green and Dave Brain and Bin Chen and Christina Cohen and Shannon Curry and Karin Dissauer and Arika Egan and Nat Gopalswamy and Guillaume Gronoff and Shadia Habbal and Renyu Hu and Meng Jin and James Paul Mason and Ruth Murray-Clay and Kosuke Namekata and Rachel Osten and Antígona Segura and Astrid Veronig and Aline Vidotto and Maurice Wilson and Yu Xu},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.02871},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
170 pages, 55 figures (with table of contents, references, appendices, glossary, and index)