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Most popular dimension reduction (DR) methods like t-SNE and UMAP are based on minimizing a cost between input and latent pairwise similarities. Though widely used, these approaches lack clear probabilistic foundations to enable a full…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-06 Hugues Van Assel , Thibault Espinasse , Julien Chiquet , Franck Picard

Multidimensional scaling is a statistical process that aims to embed high dimensional data into a lower-dimensional space; this process is often used for the purpose of data visualisation. Common multidimensional scaling algorithms tend to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Pierre Lambert , Cyril de Bodt , Michel Verleysen , John Lee

There has been an intense recent activity in embedding of very high dimensional and nonlinear data structures, much of it in the data science and machine learning literature. We survey this activity in four parts. In the first part we cover…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-01 Dag Tjøstheim , Martin Jullum , Anders Løland

UMAP is a popular neighborhood-preserving dimension reduction (DR) algorithm. However, its application for graph drawing has not been evaluated. Moreover, a naive application of UMAP to graph drawing would include O(nm) time all-pair…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Amyra Meidiana , Seok-Hee Hong

We present a new technique called "DSNE" which learns the velocity embeddings of low dimensional map points when given the high-dimensional data points with its velocities. The technique is a variation of Stochastic Neighbor Embedding,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Songting Shi

Dimensionality reduction methods such as t-SNE are designed to preserve local neighborhood structure but do not explicitly account for how probability mass is distributed, often leading to distortions of data density. We reformulate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Maksim Kazanskii

Dynamic Network Embedding (DNE) has recently attracted considerable attention due to the advantage of network embedding in various fields and the dynamic nature of many real-world networks. An input dynamic network to DNE is often assumed…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Chengbin Hou , Guoji Fu , Peng Yang , Zheng Hu , Shan He , Ke Tang

The dimensionality reduction has been widely introduced to use the high-dimensional data for regression, classification, feature analysis, and visualization. As the one technique of dimensionality reduction, a stochastic neighbor embedding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Motoshi Abe , Junichi Miyao , Takio Kurita

Modern datasets and models are notoriously difficult to explore and analyze due to their inherent high dimensionality and massive numbers of samples. Existing visualization methods which employ dimensionality reduction to two or three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-01 David M. Chan , Roshan Rao , Forrest Huang , John F. Canny

We present S+t-SNE, an adaptation of the t-SNE algorithm designed to handle infinite data streams. The core idea behind S+t-SNE is to update the t-SNE embedding incrementally as new data arrives, ensuring scalability and adaptability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Pedro C. Vieira , João P. Montrezol , João T. Vieira , João Gama

Unsupervised machine learning has recently gained much attention in the field of molecular dynamics (MD). Particularly, dimensionality reduction techniques have been regularly employed to analyze large volumes of high-dimensional MD data to…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Patryk Tajs , Mateusz Skarupski , Jakub Rydzewski

Data augmentation techniques play an important role in enhancing the performance of deep learning models. Despite their proven benefits in computer vision tasks, their application in the other domains remains limited. This paper proposes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Yousef El-Laham , Elizabeth Fons , Dillon Daudert , Svitlana Vyetrenko

In 2018, McInnes et al. introduced a dimensionality reduction algorithm called UMAP, which enjoys wide popularity among data scientists. Their work introduces a finite variant of a functor called the metric realization, based on an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-05 David Wegmann

Dimension reduction, widely used in science, maps high-dimensional data into low-dimensional space. We investigate a basic mathematical model underlying the techniques of stochastic neighborhood embedding (SNE) and its popular variant…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-26 Ben Weinkove

Exploratory analysis of high-dimensional data rarely stops at a single embedding. In practice, analysts rerun dimensionality reduction after changing preprocessing, subsets, or hyperparameters, and standard nonlinear methods can quickly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hongmin Li

When visualizing a high-dimensional dataset, dimension reduction techniques are commonly employed which provide a single 2-dimensional view of the data. We describe ENS-t-SNE: an algorithm for Embedding Neighborhoods Simultaneously that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jacob Miller , Vahan Huroyan , Raymundo Navarrete , Md Iqbal Hossain , Stephen Kobourov

t-SNE is a popular tool for embedding multi-dimensional datasets into two or three dimensions. However, it has a large computational cost, especially when the input data has many dimensions. Many use t-SNE to embed the output of a neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Rikhav Shah , Sandeep Silwal

In this paper, we propose a Tensor Train Neighborhood Preserving Embedding (TTNPE) to embed multi-dimensional tensor data into low dimensional tensor subspace. Novel approaches to solve the optimization problem in TTNPE are proposed. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Wenqi Wang , Vaneet Aggarwal , Shuchin Aeron

Dimensionality reduction is crucial both for visualization and preprocessing high dimensional data for machine learning. We introduce a novel method based on a hierarchy built on 1-nearest neighbor graphs in the original space which is used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 M. Saquib Sarfraz , Marios Koulakis , Constantin Seibold , Rainer Stiefelhagen

This paper presents an extensive empirical study on the integration of dimensionality reduction techniques with advanced unsupervised time series anomaly detection models, focusing on the MUTANT and Anomaly-Transformer models. The study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Mahsun Altin , Altan Cakir