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The local chromatic number of a graph G is the number of colors appearing in the most colorful closed neighborhood of a vertex minimized over all proper colorings of G. We show that two specific topological obstructions that have the same…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Gábor Simonyi , Gábor Tardos , Siniša T. Vrećica

A Kneser representation KG(H) for a graph G is a bijective assignment of hyperedges of a hypergraph H to the vertices of G such that two vertices of G are adjacent if and only if the corresponding hyperedges are disjoint. In this paper, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-27 Meysam Alishahi , Hossein Hajiabolhassan

Coloring a graph $G$ consists in finding an assignment of colors $c: V(G)\to\{1,\ldots,p\}$ such that any pair of adjacent vertices receives different colors. The minimum integer $p$ such that a coloring exists is called the chromatic…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-12-25 Théo Pierron

The minimum number of total independent partition sets of $V \cup E$ of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is called the \emph{total chromatic number} of $G$, denoted by $\chi''(G)$. If the difference between cardinalities of any two total independent sets…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Hanna Furmańczyk , Rita Zuazua

A strong edge-coloring of a graph $G$ is an edge-coloring such that any two edges of distance at most two receive distinct colors. The minimum number of colors we need in order to give $G$ a strong edge-coloring is called the strong…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Runze Wang

The clique chromatic number of a graph G=(V,E) is the minimum number of colors in a vertex coloring so that no maximal (with respect to containment) clique is monochromatic. We prove that the clique chromatic number of the binomial random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-07 Noga Alon , Michael Krivelevich

Given a graph $G$, a function $c:V(G)\longrightarrow \{1,\ldots,k\}$ with the property that $c(u)=c(v)=i$ implies that the distance between $u$ and $v$ is greater than $i$, is called a $k$-packing coloring of $G$. The smallest integer $k$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-22 Jasmina Ferme

We consider infinite graphs. The distinguishing number $D(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of colours in a vertex colouring of $G$ that is preserved only by the trivial automorphism. An analogous invariant for edge colourings is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-18 Wilfried Imrich , Rafał Kalinowski , Monika Pilśniak , Mohammad H. Shekarriz

Let $G$ be a simple graph. A total dominator coloring of $G$ is a proper coloring of the vertices of $G$ in which each vertex of the graph is adjacent to every vertex of some color class. The total dominator chromatic number $\chi_d^t(G)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-06 Saeid Alikhani , Nima Ghanbari

The "clustered chromatic number" of a class of graphs is the minimum integer $k$ such that for some integer $c$ every graph in the class is $k$-colourable with monochromatic components of size at most $c$. We prove that for every graph $H$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-17 Sergey Norin , Alex Scott , Paul Seymour , David R. Wood

An incidence of a graph $G$ is a pair $(u,e)$ where $u$ is a vertex of $G$ and $e$ is an edge of $G$ incident with $u$. Two incidences $(u,e)$ and $(v,f)$ of $G$ are adjacent whenever (i) $u=v$, or (ii) $e=f$, or (iii) $uv=e$ or $uv=f$. An…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-18 Sungsik Kang , Boram Park

An equitable colouring of a graph $G$ is a colouring of the vertices of $G$ so that no two adjacent vertices are coloured the same and, additionally, the colour class sizes differ by at most $1$. The equitable chromatic number $\chi_=(G)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-29 Annika Heckel

A strong edge-coloring of a graph $G$ is an edge-coloring such that any two edges on a path of length three receive distinct colors. We denote the strong chromatic index by $\chi_{s}'(G)$ which is the minimum number of colors that allow a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-23 Baochen Zhang , Yulin Chang , Jie Hu , Meijie Ma , Donglei Yang

The \emph{choice number} of a graph $G$, denoted $\ch(G)$, is the minimum integer $k$ such that for any assignment of lists of size $k$ to the vertices of $G$, there is a proper colouring of $G$ such that every vertex is mapped to a colour…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-03 Jonathan A. Noel

Let $G$ be a graph. We use $\chi(G)$ and $\omega(G)$ to denote the chromatic number and clique number of $G$ respectively. A $P_5$ is a path on 5 vertices. A family of graphs $\mathcal{G}$ is said to be {\it$\chi$-bounded} if there exists…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-11 Yian Xu

A signed graph is a graph in which each edge is labeled with $+1$ or $-1$. A (proper) vertex coloring of a signed graph is a mapping $\f$ that assigns to each vertex $v\in V(G)$ a color $\f(v)\in \mz$ such that every edge $vw$ of $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-17 Thomas Schweser , Michael Stiebitz

In this paper uniquely list colorable graphs are studied. A graph G is called to be uniquely k-list colorable if it admits a k-list assignment from which G has a unique list coloring. The minimum k for which G is not uniquely k-list…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-01-03 Ch. Eslahchi , M. Ghebleh , H. Hajiabolhassan

For a non-decreasing sequence of positive integers $S=(s_1,s_2,\ldots)$, the $S$-packing chromatic number of a graph $G$ is denoted by $\chi_S(G)$. In this paper, $\chi_S$-critical graphs are introduced as the graphs $G$ such that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-26 Gülnaz Boruzanlı Ekinci , Csilla Bujtás , Didem Gözüpek , Sandi Klavžar

For integers $k>0$ and $0<r \leq \Delta$ (where $r \leq k$), a conditional $(k,r)$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper $k$-coloring of the vertices of $G$ such that every vertex $v$ of degree $d(v)$ in $G$ is adjacent to vertices with at…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-01-31 P. V. Subba Reddy , K. V. Iyer

By a finite type-graph we mean a graph whose set of vertices is the set of all $k$-subsets of $[n]=\{1,2,\ldots, n\}$ for some integers $n\ge k\ge 1$, and in which two such sets are adjacent if and only if they realise a certain order type…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-12 Christian Avart , Bill Kay , Christian Reiher , Vojtěch Rödl