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The structures, strain fields, and defect distributions in solid materials underlie the mechanical and physical properties across numerous applications. Many modern microstructural microscopy tools characterize crystal grains, domains and…
The mathematical theory of compressed sensing (CS) asserts that one can acquire signals from measurements whose rate is much lower than the total bandwidth. Whereas the CS theory is now well developed, challenges concerning hardware…
Visualizing the details of different cellular structures is of great importance to elucidate cellular functions. However, it is challenging to obtain high quality images of different structures directly due to complex cellular environments.…
X-ray devices are far superior to optical ones for providing nanometre spatial and attosecond temporal resolutions. Such resolution is indispensable in biology, medicine, physics, material sciences, and their applications. A bright…
Selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM), also known as light sheet fluorescence microscopy, provides high specificity through fluorescence labeling. However, it lacks complementary structural information from the surrounding context,…
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is an important tool in biomedical research for its ability to discern features smaller than the diffraction limit. However, due to its difficult implementation and high cost, the universal…
Electron and x-ray microscopes allow one to image the entire, unlabeled structure of hydrated materials at a resolution well beyond what visible light microscopes can achieve. However, both approaches involve ionizing radiation, so that…
Confocal Raman microscopy, a highly specific and label-free technique for the microscale study of thick samples, often presents difficulties due to weak Raman signals. Inhomogeneous samples introduce wavefront aberrations that further…
Coherent diffractive imaging is unique as the only route for achieving diffraction-limited spatial resolution in the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray regions, limited only by the wavelength of the light. Recently, advances in coherent short…
The ability to use coherent light for material science and applications is directly linked to our ability to measure short optical pulses. While free-space optical methods are well-established, achieving this on a chip would offer the…
Light microscopy as well as image acquisition and processing suffer from physical and technical prejudices which preclude a correct interpretation of biological observations which can be reflected in, e.g., medical and pharmacological…
Low-light optical imaging refers to the use of cameras to capture images with minimal photon flux. This area has broad application to diverse fields, including optical microscopy for biological studies. In such studies, it is important to…
Single-shot diffraction imaging of isolated nanosized particles has seen remarkable success in recent years, yielding in-situ measurements with ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution. The progress of high-repetition-rate sources for…
This review aims to provide a simple introduction to the application of optical correlation methods in colloidal science. In particular, I plan to show that full appraisal of the intimate relation between light scattering and microscopy…
The full understanding of cellular functions requires information about protein numbers for various biomolecular assemblies and their dynamics, which can be partly accessed by super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Yet, many protein…
Reflective ptychography is a promising lensless imaging technique with a wide field of view, offering significant potential for applications in semiconductor manufacturing and detection. However, many semiconductor materials are coated with…
Split-pulse x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy has been proposed as one of the unique capabilities made possible with the x-ray free electron lasers. It enables characterization of atomic scale structural dynamics that dictates the…
Optical micro-spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for studying and characterizing samples ranging from classical semiconductors to low-dimensional materials and heterostructures. To date, most implementations are based on point-scanning…
Owing to its capacity for unique (bio)-chemical specificity, microscopy withmid-IR illumination holds tremendous promise for a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications. The primary limitation, however, remains detection; with…
Ptychographic Coherent Diffractive Imaging enables diffraction-limited imaging of nanoscale structures at extreme ultraviolet and x-ray wavelengths, where high-quality image-forming optics are not available. However, its reliance on a set…