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We present a generic framework for the simulation of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) which enables detailed modelling of the SiPM response using basic SiPM parameters and geometry as an input. Depending on the specified SiPM properties…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-05 Patrick Eckert , Rainer Stamen , Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon

This paper proposes an automatic procedure, based on ROOT data Analysis Framework, for the analysis of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) characteristics. In particular, it can be used to analyze experimental waveforms, from oscilloscope,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-07-10 Andrii Nagai , Nicoleta Dinu-Jaeger , Adam Para

A statistical model of the nonlinear response of silicon photomultipliers is presented. It includes losses of both the photodetection efficiency and the gain during pixel recovery periods as well as the effect of correlated and uncorrelated…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-09-04 Jaime Rosado

This publication focuses on the study of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) in view of a reconstruction of the incident photon flux in the regime of highly non-linear response. SiPMs are semiconductor based light detectors compiled of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-10-29 T. Bretz , T. Hebbeker , J. Kemp

We present the characterization of a photon-number-resolving detection chain based on Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) coupled to a 14 bit, 1 Gs\s digital acquisition system embedding an FPGA-based signal processing pipeline that performs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Alex Pozzoli , Stefano Carsi , Andrea Abba , Alessia Allevi

The application of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technology for weak-light detection at a single photon level has expanded thanks to its better photon detection efficiency in comparison to a conventional photomultiplier tube (PMT). SiPMs…

A novel concept to enhance the photo-detection efficiency (PDE) of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) has been applied and remarkable positive results can be reported. This concept uses arrays of microlenses to cover every second SiPM pixel…

We demonstrate fast counting and multiphoton detection abilities of a Silicon Photo Multiplier (SiPM). In fast counting mode we are able to detect two consecutive photons separated by only 2.3 ns corresponding to 430 MHz. The counting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 P. Eraerds , M. Legre , A. Rochas , H. Zbinden , N. Gisin

A detailed and accurate characterisation of silicon photomultiplier detectors is required for a better understanding of the signal and noise in many applications. The collected information is a valuable feedback to the manufacturers in…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-08-20 Olivier Girard , Guido Haefeli , Axel Kuonen , Luca Pescatore , Olivier Schneider , Maria Elena Stramaglia

A systematic study of the nonlinear response of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) has been conducted through Monte Carlo simulations. SiPMs have been proven to show a universal nonlinear response when it is expressed in terms of relative…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-01-15 Victor Moya , Jaime Rosado

Number-resolving single photon detectors are essential for the implementation of numerous innovative quantum information schemes. While several number-discriminating techniques have been previously presented, the Silicon Photo-Multiplier…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 L. Dovrat , M. Bakstein , D. Istrati , H. S. Eisenberg

Silicon photomultipliers, thanks to their excellent performance, robustness and relatively simple use, are the photon-detectors of choice for many present and future applications. This paper gives an overview of methods to characterise…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-12-19 Robert Klanner

Dark count rate and correlated noise rate are among the main parameters that characterize silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). Typically, these parameters are evaluated by applying approximate formulas, or by fitting specific models, to the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-11-01 Enrico Junior Schioppa

Recent years have shown an increased use of silicon photo-multipliers (SiPM) in experiments as they are of reasonable cost, have relatively low power consumption and are easily available in a variety of form factors allowing for a large…

We characterize the practical receiver in a wide range of signal intensity for optical wireless communication, from discrete pulse regime to continuous waveform regime. We first propose a statistical non-linear model based on the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Zhimeng Jiang , Chen Gong , Zhengyuan Xu

We present a Python module for simulating Silicon Photo-Multipliers, Avalanche Photo-Diodes, and Multi-Pixel Photon Counters. This module allows users to perform noise analyses: Dark Count Rate, crosstalk, and afterpulsing. Furthermore, the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-04-15 J. Peña-Rodríguez , J. Förtsch , C. Pauly , K. -H. Kampert

This paper describes an experimental setup that has been developed to measure and characterise properties of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM). The measured SiPM properties are of general interest for a multitude of potential applications and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-03-13 Patrick Eckert , Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon , Wei Shen , Rainer Stamen , Alexander Tadday

We have developed a function which describes SiPM response in both small signal and highly saturated regimes. The function includes the reactivation of SiPM pixels during a single input light pulse, and results in an approximately linear…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-03-21 Katsushige Kotera , Weonseok Choi , Tohru Takeshita

We present the results of an R&D study of a specialized processor capable of precisely reconstructing events with hundreds of charged-particle tracks in pixel detectors at 40 MHz, thus suitable for processing LHC events at the full crossing…

The direct response of Silicon PhotoMultipliers being traversed by a MIP charged particle have been studied in a systematic way for the first time. Using beam test data, time resolution and the crosstalk probability have been measured. A…

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