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Voltage-gate assisted spin-orbit torque (VGSOT) writing scheme combines the advantages from voltage control of magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) and spin-orbit torque (SOT) effects, enabling multiple benefits for magnetic random access memory…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-06-11 Y. C. Wu , K. Garello , W. Kim , M. Gupta , M. Perumkunnil , V. Kateel , S. Couet , R. Carpenter , S. Rao , S. Van Beek , K. K. Vudya Sethu , F. Yasin , D. Crotti , G. S. Kar

We theoretically investigate the threshold current for thermally activated switching of a perpendicular magnet by spin-orbit spin torque. Based on the Fokker-Planck equation, we obtain an analytic expression of the switching current, in…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-03-05 Ki-Seung Lee , Seo-Won Lee , Byoung-Chul Min , Kyung-Jin Lee

In the last few years, some ideas of electric manipulations in ferromagnetic heterostructures have been proposed for developing next generation spintronic devices. Among them, the magnetization switching driven by spin-orbit torque (SOT) is…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-03-27 P. F. Liu , J. Miao , Q. Liu , Z. D. Xu , Z. Y. Ren , K. K. Meng , Y. Wu , J. K. Chen , X. G. Xu , Y. Jiang

Current-induced magnetization switching, a fundamental phenomenon related to spin-transport of electrons, enables non-voltaic and fast information write, facilitating applications in low-power memory and logic devices. However,…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-07-30 Yanyan Yang , Weiwei Lin

Many key electronic technologies (e.g., large-scale computing, machine learning, and superconducting electronics) require new memories that are fast, reliable, energy-efficient, and of low-impedance at the same time, which has remained a…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-01-15 Lijun Zhu , Lujun Zhu , Shengjie Shi , D. C. Ralph , R. A. Buhrman

Current induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in ferromagnet/non-magnetic metal heterostructures open vast possibilities to design spintronic devices to store, process and transmit information in a simple architecture. It is a central task to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 L. Chen , R. Islinger , J. Stigloher , M. M. Decker , M. Kronseder , D. Schuh , D. Bougeard , D. Weiss , C. H. Back

An experimental study of current-induced magnetization reversal of the Ru/Co/Ru and Ru/Co/Ru/W structures was carried out. In the considered structures, due to the small value of the coercive force comparable in magnitude to the Oersted…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-05-22 M. E. Stebliy , A. G. Kolesnikov , A. V. Ognev , E. V. Stebliy , X. Wang , H. F. Han , A. S. Samardak

The capability of the spin-orbit torque (SOT) generated via phenomena such as the spin Hall effect in heavy metals, in switching the magnetization of an adjacent magnetic material, has been studied extensively over the last decade. The…

Current-induced control of magnetization in ferromagnets using spin-orbit torque (SOT) has drawn attention as a new mechanism for fast and energy efficient magnetic memory devices. Energy-efficient spintronic devices require a spin-current…

Processing-in-memory (PIM) reduces data transfer latency by rolling memory and logic elements into one compute location. As an emergent material candidate for such an architecture, we propose a strained Weyl semimetal based…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Youjian Chen , Hamed Vakili , Md Golam Morshed , Avik W. Ghosh

Spin-orbit torques (SOTs) have opened a new path to switch the magnetization in perpendicularly magnetized films and are of great interest due to their potential applications in novel data storage technology, such as the magnetic random…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-02-02 Pan He , Xuepeng Qiu , Vanessa L. Zhang , Yang Wu , Meng Hau Kuok , Hyunsoo Yang

We measured the spin-orbit torques (SOTs), current-induced switching, and domain wall (DW) motion in synthetic ferrimagnets consisting of Co/Tb layers with differing stacking order grown on a Pt underlayer. We find that the SOTs, magnetic…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-06-06 Mickey Martini , Can Onur Avci , Silvia Tacchi , Charles-Henri Lambert , Pietro Gambardella

We proposed and demonstrated a simple method for detection of in-plane magnetization switching by spin-orbit torque (SOT) in bilayers of non-magnetic / magnetic materials. In our method, SOT is used not only for magnetization switching but…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-12-25 Nguyen Huynh Duy Khang , Pham Nam Hai

Spin polarized carriers electrically injected into a magnet from an external polarizer can exert a spin transfer torque (STT) on the magnetization. The phe- nomenon belongs to the area of spintronics research focusing on manipulating…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-05 N. Tesarova , P. Nemec , E. Rozkotova , J. Zemen , F. Trojanek , K. Olejnik , V. Novak , P. Maly , T. Jungwirth

We demonstrate deterministic, field-free magnetization reversal of a single-domain nanomagnet within 300 ps under a current density of $3 \times 10^{10}~\mathrm{A/m^2}$ by coupling reinforcement learning (RL) to the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Yuta Igarashi , Junji Fujimoto

Spin-orbit torque-induced perpendicular magnetization switching has attracted much attention due to the advantages of nonvolatility, high density, infinite read/write counts, and low power consumption in spintronic applications. To achieve…

We theoretically study the influence of a predominant field-like spin-orbit torque on the magnetization switching of small devices with a uniform magnetization. We show that for a certain range of ratios (0.23-0.55) of the Slonczewski to…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-01 William Legrand , Rajagopalan Ramaswamy , Rahul Mishra , Hyunsoo Yang

A new class of spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) is discussed, in which writing is achieved using thermally initiated magnonic current pulses as an alternative to conventional electric current pulses. The…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-28 Niladri N. Mojumder , David W. Abraham , Kaushik Roy , D. C. Worledge

Current-induced spin-orbit torques provide a versatile tool for switching magnetic devices. In perpendicular magnets, the dampinglike component of the torque is the main driver of magnetization reversal. The degree to which the fieldlike…

We numerically investigate the effect of magnetic and electrical damages at the edge of a perpendicular magnetic random access memory (MRAM) cell on the spin-transfer-torque (STT) efficiency that is defined by the ratio of thermal stability…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-09-02 Kyungmi Song , Kyung-Jin Lee
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